{"formatVersion":"1.1","id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders","path":"/library/sleep-disorders","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders","title":"Sleep Disorders","family":"Library detail","description":"Sleep disorders refer to a range of conditions including insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea. Find out more here, including symptoms, causes, and treatments.","language":"en-US","access":{"audience":"custom-shared-preview","indexable":true},"provenance":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/sleep-disorders","wordpressId":"288","contentCompleteness":"complete","dateScope":"original-source"},"authors":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/lisa-a-koosis#person","name":"Lisa A. Koosis","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/lisa-a-koosis"}],"reviewer":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/erin-george#person","name":"Erin L. George","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/erin-george"},"dates":{"datePublished":"2022-12-22T09:53:23Z","dateModified":"2025-08-13T11:45:06Z","lastReviewed":"2022-12-22"},"content":{"html":"<nav class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/\">Home</a></li><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library\">Library</a></li><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/medical-conditions\">Medical Conditions</a></li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Sleep Disorders</span></li></ol></nav><div class=\"article-page article-standard\" data-library-standard><div class=\"article-main-grid\"><header class=\"article-heading\"><h1>Sleep Disorders</h1><p class=\"article-inline-credits\"><span>Written by <a class=\"article-credit-person\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/lisa-a-koosis\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9348.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" loading=\"lazy\">Lisa A. Koosis</a></span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class=\"article-credit-person\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/erin-george\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" loading=\"lazy\">Erin L. George</a></span></p><div class=\"article-dates\"><span>Published on <time datetime=\"2022-12-22T09:53:23Z\">December 22, 2022</time></span><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> · </span><span>Updated on <time datetime=\"2025-08-13T11:45:06Z\">August 13, 2025</time></span></div></header><div class=\"article-jumpbar\"></div><div class=\"article-layout\"><div class=\"article-reading\"><article class=\"prose\" id=\"article-content\"><div class=\"article-intro\" data-source-field=\"hero\"><p>Sleep disorders are a collection of medical conditions that impact the quality, quantity, and length of sleep. They can cause or exacerbate several physical and mental health conditions, cause impairments in cognitive functioning, and create dangers for the person affected <sup><a href=\"#national-library-medicine-resource\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup>.</p></div><figure class=\"article-feature\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/editorial-247/13519.webp\" alt=\"A man sits awake at the edge of a bed.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"></figure><section class=\"article-takeaways\" aria-labelledby=\"key-takeaways\"><h2 id=\"key-takeaways\">Key takeaways</h2><ul><li>Sleep disorders affect sleep timing, quality, or duration and can impair physical health, mood, and cognition.</li><li>Symptoms vary and may include difficulty sleeping, daytime sleepiness, abnormal breathing, or unusual nighttime behaviors.</li><li>Diagnosis guides condition-specific treatment, with sleep routines and mental health support sometimes complementing medical care.</li></ul></section><span id=\"what-is-a-sleep-disorder-although-specific-sleep-requirements-vary-by-age-for-most-people-a-normal-night-s-sleep-consists-of-falling-asleep-easily-staying-asleep-for-the-entire-night-and-waking-refreshed-in-the-morning\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"what-is-a-sleep-disorder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"what-is-a-sleep-disorder\">What Is a Sleep Disorder?</h2><p>\nAlthough specific sleep requirements vary by age, for most people, a normal night’s sleep consists of falling asleep easily, staying asleep for the entire night, and waking refreshed in the morning. <sup>(1)</sup> Sleep disorders are conditions that regularly interfere with the amount, timing, or overall quality of sleep.\nSleeping disorders fall into two categories:\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Dyssomnia, which is characterized by trouble falling or staying asleep</li>\n    <li>Parasomnia, which is characterized by abnormal activities, such as nightmares, sleepwalking, or night terrors <sup>(2)</sup></li>\n</ul><p>\nCommon sleep disorders within those two categories include: <sup>(3)</sup>\n</p><ul>\n    <li><b><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/insomnia-when-sleeping-pills-dont-work\" class=\"article-inline-link\">Insomnia</a>:</b> Individuals with insomnia have trouble falling or staying asleep and often experience daytime sleepiness. They may have one or more short-term episodes of insomnia or struggle with persistent or recurring sleeplessness.</li>\n    <li><b>Nightmare disorder:</b> People with nightmare disorder regularly experience long and disturbing dreams. This condition may begin in early childhood, but it’s most commonly diagnosed in adolescence or young adulthood.</li>\n    <li><b>Narcolepsy:</b> Narcolepsy causes individuals to feel a strong urge to sleep at inappropriate or unexpected times. They may fall asleep multiple times a day.</li>\n    <li><b>Restless legs syndrome:</b> Individuals with restless legs syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, experience a compulsive need to move their legs. They may also have uncomfortable sensations, such as burning, tingling, or itching, in their legs, which may worsen at night or when they’re resting.</li>\n    <li><b>Sleep apnea: </b>People diagnosed with sleep apnea have episodes of airway obstruction during sleep, leading to interrupted breathing, snoring, and gasping or snorting.</li>\n</ul><h3 id=\"what-causes-sleep-disorders-sleep-disorders-have-various-causes-depending-on-the-individual-and-the-specific-condition-however-several-common-factors-can-disrupt-an-individual-s-natural-cycle-of-sleep-and-wakefulness-including\">What Causes Sleep Disorders?</h3><p>\nSleep disorders have various causes, depending on the individual and the specific condition. However, several common factors can disrupt an individual’s natural cycle of sleep and wakefulness, including:\n</p><ul>\n    <li><b>Genetics:</b> Some conditions, such as narcolepsy, may have a genetic component. Genetic syndromes, such as cleft palate, may also cause some types of sleep apnea. <sup>(4)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Aging:</b> Sleep disorders are common in people over 65. This may be a normal part of aging or because of medications commonly taken by older adults. <sup>(5)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Environmental conditions:</b> Noise, light, temperature, and other environmental factors play a prominent role in sleep-related wellness. Poor environmental conditions may negatively impact sleep. <sup>(6)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Work schedules:</b> Overnight employment or irregular work schedules can interfere with an individual’s biological clock, potentially causing a sleep disorder. <sup>(7)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Medical conditions:</b> Medical conditions are often linked to sleep disorders. For example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and obesity may cause sleep apnea. Medical conditions that cause pain can also interrupt sleep patterns. <sup>(8)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Psychiatric disorders:</b><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/introduction-to-anxiety-disorders\" class=\"article-inline-link\"> Anxiety</a>, depression, <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/diagnostic-criteria-for-substance-use-disorders\" class=\"article-inline-link\">substance abuse</a>, and other mental health conditions may lead to sleep disorders. <sup>(9)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Prescription medications:</b> Some medications, including steroids and diuretics, can interfere with the ability to sleep. <sup>(10)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Caffeine:</b> Excessive use of caffeine can lead to sleep disturbances in some people. Effects may be worse if caffeine is consumed prior to bedtime. <sup>(11)</sup></li>\n    <li><b>Pregnancy:</b> Pregnant women often develop sleep disorders, such as insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea. <sup>(12)</sup></li>\n</ul><h3 id=\"what-are-symptoms-of-sleep-disorders-the-signs-of-a-sleeping-disorder-may-be-obvious-such-as-having-trouble-falling-or-staying-asleep-and-or-excessive-sleepiness-during-the-day-however-symptoms-can-vary-depending-on-the-type-of-disorder-and-the-individual-other-common-symptoms-include\">What Are Symptoms of Sleep Disorders?</h3><p>\nThe signs of a sleeping disorder may be obvious, such as having trouble falling or staying asleep, and/or excessive sleepiness during the day. However, symptoms can vary depending on the type of disorder and the individual. Other common symptoms include: <sup>(13)</sup>\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Chronic snoring</li>\n    <li>Abnormal breathing patterns during sleep</li>\n    <li>Choking episodes during sleep</li>\n    <li>Irregular patterns of sleeping and waking</li>\n    <li>Frequent nightmares or sleep terrors</li>\n    <li>Sleepwalking</li>\n    <li>Weight gain</li>\n    <li>Falling asleep at unusual or inappropriate times</li>\n    <li>Unusual or uncomfortable limb movements before or during sleep</li>\n    <li>The urge to move the legs prior to sleeping</li>\n</ul><p>\nSeveral medical conditions may also be indicative of an underlying sleep disorder, including: <sup>(14)</sup>\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Obesity</li>\n    <li>Type 2 diabetes</li>\n    <li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/cardiovascular-health\" class=\"article-inline-link\">High blood pressure</a></li>\n    <li>Heart disease</li>\n</ul><h3 id=\"how-are-sleep-disorders-diagnosed-if-a-physician-suspects-a-sleep-disorder-they-may-refer-the-patient-to-a-sleep-specialist-who-is-trained-to-evaluate-sleep-issues-the-evaluation-may-involve\">How Are Sleep Disorders Diagnosed?</h3><p>\nIf a physician suspects a sleep disorder, they may refer the patient to a sleep specialist, who is trained to evaluate sleep issues. The evaluation may involve:\n</p><ul>\n    <li><b>A detailed medical history:</b> This typically includes questions about overall health, symptoms, prescription and OTC medications, and sleep schedules.</li>\n    <li><b>A physical exam:</b> During a physical exam, the doctor may check for nasal congestion, enlarged tonsils, a narrow airway, or a deviated septum.</li>\n    <li><b>Lab work:</b> A doctor may order blood tests to check an individual's iron levels and thyroid function, or to do a drug screening.</li>\n    <li><b>A sleep journal:</b> Patients may be asked to track sleep patterns and quality over a period of about 1 to 2 weeks.</li>\n    <li><b>A sleep study:</b> Sleep studies may be done at home or in a clinical setting. Equipment may record crucial information, such as sleep stages, blood oxygen levels, eye movement, and brain waves.</li>\n    <li><b>Diagnostic tests:</b> Physicians may order additional tests to determine an individual's sleepiness levels and their ability to stay awake during the day. <sup>(15)</sup></li>\n</ul><p>\nAfter obtaining sufficient information, the physician may diagnose a sleep disorder and create a treatment plan.\n</p><h3 id=\"what-is-the-best-treatment-for-sleep-disorders-the-best-treatment-for-a-sleeping-disorder-depends-on-the-specific-condition-its-severity-and-the-individual-s-general-health-treatment-options-include\">What Is the Best Treatment for Sleep Disorders?</h3><p>\nThe best treatment for a sleeping disorder depends on the specific condition, its severity, and the individual's general health. Treatment options include:\n</p><ul>\n    <li><b>Therapies:</b> Several therapies may be prescribed to treat sleep disorders. Orofacial therapy, which exercises facial muscles, may help with sleep apnea. Light therapy, which exposes an individual to artificial light that mimics sunlight, can help reset the sleep-wake cycle in some people.</li>\n    <li><b>Medications:</b> Over-the-counter or prescription sleep aids may help people who have trouble sleeping. However, many medications cause side effects and aren’t designed for long-term use.</li>\n    <li><b>Devices:</b> Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines or oral devices that better-position the jaw and tongue to help keep an individual’s airways open may reduce episodes of sleep apnea.</li>\n    <li><b>Surgical procedures:</b> Some surgical interventions, such as soft tissue removal from the throat and mouth, may make an individual’s airway bigger to facilitate nighttime breathing. <sup>(16)</sup></li>\n</ul><h3 id=\"how-to-cope-with-a-sleep-disorder-diagnosis-sleep-and-mental-health-are-closely-linked-and-sleep-problems-can-have-a-negative-impact-on-your-state-of-mind\">How to Cope With a Sleep Disorder Diagnosis</h3><p>\nSleep and mental health are closely linked, and sleep problems can have a negative impact on your state of mind. <sup>(17)</sup> Individuals diagnosed with a sleep disorder may want to consider simple lifestyle changes to improve their quality of sleep. This may include:\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Maintaining a regular sleep schedule</li>\n    <li>Avoiding naps</li>\n    <li>Reducing caffeine intake</li>\n    <li>Reducing beverage intake before bedtime</li>\n    <li>Creating a sleep-friendly bedroom</li>\n</ul><p>\nA trusted physician can provide advice on additional treatment options. Individuals who are experiencing emotional distress related to their diagnosis may find it helpful to consult a trained mental health counselor.\n</p><p></p></article><div class=\"article-endmatter\"><section class=\"article-sources\" id=\"references\" data-source-references=\"\" data-reference-list=\"\" data-reference-style=\"author-date-numbered\"><h2 id=\"references-2\">References</h2><ol id=\"citations\">\n    <li id=\"national-library-medicine-resource\" data-reference-number=\"1\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"unavailable\" data-original-reference-text=\"National Library of Medicine\">National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279322/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">[Referenced web resource]</a></li>\n    <li id=\"primary-sleep-disorders-dyssomnias\" data-reference-number=\"2\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">(2024). <em>Primary Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias</em>. <a href=\"https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/primary-sleep-disorders-dyssomnias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li>\n    <li id=\"sleep-disorders\" data-reference-number=\"3\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). <em>What are Sleep Disorders?</em>. <a href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"narcolepsy-medlineplus-genetics\" data-reference-number=\"4\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). <em>Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</em>. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/narcolepsy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li>\n    <li id=\"sleep-disorders-types-causes-symptoms-treatment\" data-reference-number=\"5\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">Cleveland Clinic. (2017). <em>Sleep Disorders: Types, Causes, Symptoms &amp; Treatment</em>. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11429-common-sleep-disorders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"environmental-sleep-factors\" data-reference-number=\"6\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">World Sleep Society. (2015). <em>Environmental Sleep Factors</em>. <a href=\"https://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"shift-work-sleep-disorder-swsd-symptoms-treatment\" data-reference-number=\"7\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">Cleveland Clinic. (2017). <em>Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD): Symptoms &amp; Treatment</em>. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12146-shift-work-sleep-disorder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"sleep-disorders-medlineplus\" data-reference-number=\"8\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). <em>Sleep Disorders | MedlinePlus</em>. <a href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"sleep-disorders-core-symptoms-depression\" data-reference-number=\"9\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">Nutt, D., Wilson, S., &amp; Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. <em>Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 10</em>(3), 329-336. <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181883/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/dnutt</a></li><li id=\"medications-that-cause-insomnia\" data-reference-number=\"10\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">National Jewish Health. (n.d.). <em>Medications That Cause Insomnia</em>. <a href=\"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/insomnia/causes/medicines-that-can-cause-insomnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"caffeine-sleep\" data-reference-number=\"11\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">Lauren Fountain. (2009). <em>Caffeine and Sleep</em>. Sleep Foundation. <a href=\"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nutrition/caffeine-and-sleep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"there-medical-conditions-that-may-disrupt-sleep-patterns\" data-reference-number=\"12\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">(n.d.). <em>Are there medical conditions that may disrupt sleep patterns?</em>. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. <a href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/sleep-disruption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li>\n    <li id=\"sleep-disorders-source\" data-reference-number=\"13\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">Logan Foley. (2020). <em>Sleep Disorders</em>. Sleep Foundation. <a href=\"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"chronic-disease\" data-reference-number=\"14\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"unavailable\" data-original-reference-text=\"www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html\">cdc.gov. (n.d.). <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">[Referenced web resource]</a></li>\n    <li id=\"sleep-disorder-diagnosis-were-you-recently-diagnosed\" data-reference-number=\"15\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">National Jewish Health. (n.d.). <em>Sleep Disorder Diagnosis | Were You Recently Diagnosed?</em>. <a href=\"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/sleep-disorders/diagnosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"sleep-disorder-treatments\" data-reference-number=\"16\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). <em>Sleep Disorder Treatments</em>. NHLBI, NIH. <a href=\"https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-disorder-treatments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li><li id=\"sleep-can-affect-mental-health-sleep-problems-mind\" data-reference-number=\"17\" data-bibliographic-metadata=\"verified\">(n.d.). <em>How sleep can affect mental health | Sleep problems | Mind</em>. <a href=\"https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/sleep-problems/sleep-and-mental-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Source</a></li>\n</ol></section><section class=\"article-medical article-panel\"><h2 id=\"medical-content\">Medical Content</h2><p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/clinical-affairs\">The Clinical Affairs Team</a> at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/publishing/editorial-policy\">Editorial Policy</a>.</p></section><section class=\"article-about article-panel\"><h2 id=\"about-mentalhealth-com\">About MentalHealth.com</h2><p>MentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.</p><div class=\"article-contributors\"><section class=\"article-bio\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9348.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Author</p><h3 id=\"lisa-a-koosis\"><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/lisa-a-koosis\">Lisa A. Koosis</a></h3><p class=\"article-bio-credentials\">Writer</p><p>Lisa A. Koosis is a writer and blogger who writes about the science of positive affirmations and the brain.</p><dl><div><dt>Published</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2022-12-22T09:53:23Z\">December 22, 2022</time></dd></div><div><dt>Updated</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2025-08-13T11:45:06Z\">August 13, 2025</time></dd></div></dl></div></section><section class=\"article-bio\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Medical Reviewer</p><h3 id=\"erin-l-george\"><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/erin-george\">Erin L. George</a></h3><p class=\"article-bio-credentials\">MFT</p><p>Erin L. George, MFT, holds a master's degree in family therapy with a focus on group dynamics in high-risk families. As a court-appointed special advocate for children, she is dedicated to helping families rebuild relationships and improve their mental and behavioral health.</p><dl><div><dt>Reviewed</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2022-12-22\">December 22, 2022</time></dd></div></dl></div></section></div></section><section class=\"article-expert article-expert-mobile\" aria-label=\"Subject matter expert\" data-expert-kind=\"related\"><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Subject matter expert</p><div class=\"article-expert-identity\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9447.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><h2><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/simone-hoermann\">Simone Hoermann <span class=\"expert-credentials\">Ph.D.</span></a></h2></div><p class=\"article-expert-focus\">Psychotherapy for insomnia, anxiety, and depression</p><a class=\"profile-experience-link experience-button\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/simone-hoermann\">View experience</a></section><section class=\"article-topic-community article-topic-community-mobile\" aria-label=\"Related communities\"><img class=\"topic-community-banner\" src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-12012.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" loading=\"lazy\"><p class=\"topic-community-label\">Related communities</p><h2>Self-Care</h2><p>Explore everyday routines, personal needs, and moments that support a sense of well-being.</p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/self-care\">Explore community</a></section></div></div><aside class=\"article-sidebar\" tabindex=\"0\" data-bounded-rail=\"\" aria-label=\"Article navigation and related information\"><details class=\"article-contents\" open data-section-preview=\"3\" data-expanded=\"false\" data-scrolled-past=\"false\"><summary><strong>Table of contents</strong><span aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><small data-current-section=\"\">Choose a section</small></summary><nav aria-label=\"Article contents\"><ol id=\"article-section-list\"><li><a href=\"#what-is-a-sleep-disorder\" title=\"What Is a Sleep Disorder?\" aria-label=\"What Is a Sleep Disorder?\">What Is a Sleep Disorder?</a></li></ol><button type=\"button\" class=\"article-sections-toggle\" data-sections-toggle aria-controls=\"article-section-list\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden=\"\">View more</button></nav></details><section class=\"article-expert\" aria-label=\"Subject matter expert\" data-expert-kind=\"related\"><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Subject matter expert</p><div class=\"article-expert-identity\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9447.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><h2><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/simone-hoermann\">Simone Hoermann <span class=\"expert-credentials\">Ph.D.</span></a></h2></div><p class=\"article-expert-focus\">Psychotherapy for insomnia, anxiety, and depression</p><a class=\"profile-experience-link experience-button\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/simone-hoermann\">View experience</a></section><section class=\"article-topic-community\" aria-label=\"Related communities\"><img class=\"topic-community-banner\" src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-12012.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" loading=\"lazy\"><p class=\"topic-community-label\">Related communities</p><h2>Self-Care</h2><p>Explore everyday routines, personal needs, and moments that support a sense of well-being.</p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/self-care\">Explore community</a></section></aside></div></div></div>","text":"HomeLibraryMedical ConditionsSleep DisordersSleep DisordersWritten by Lisa A. KoosisMedically reviewed by Erin L. GeorgePublished on December 22, 2022 · Updated on August 13, 2025Sleep disorders are a collection of medical conditions that impact the quality, quantity, and length of sleep. They can cause or exacerbate several physical and mental health conditions, cause impairments in cognitive functioning, and create dangers for the person affected [1].Key takeawaysSleep disorders affect sleep timing, quality, or duration and can impair physical health, mood, and cognition.Symptoms vary and may include difficulty sleeping, daytime sleepiness, abnormal breathing, or unusual nighttime behaviors.Diagnosis guides condition-specific treatment, with sleep routines and mental health support sometimes complementing medical care.What Is a Sleep Disorder? Although specific sleep requirements vary by age, for most people, a normal night’s sleep consists of falling asleep easily, staying asleep for the entire night, and waking refreshed in the morning. (1) Sleep disorders are conditions that regularly interfere with the amount, timing, or overall quality of sleep. Sleeping disorders fall into two categories: Dyssomnia, which is characterized by trouble falling or staying asleep Parasomnia, which is characterized by abnormal activities, such as nightmares, sleepwalking, or night terrors (2) Common sleep disorders within those two categories include: (3) Insomnia: Individuals with insomnia have trouble falling or staying asleep and often experience daytime sleepiness. They may have one or more short-term episodes of insomnia or struggle with persistent or recurring sleeplessness. Nightmare disorder: People with nightmare disorder regularly experience long and disturbing dreams. This condition may begin in early childhood, but it’s most commonly diagnosed in adolescence or young adulthood. Narcolepsy: Narcolepsy causes individuals to feel a strong urge to sleep at inappropriate or unexpected times. They may fall asleep multiple times a day. Restless legs syndrome: Individuals with restless legs syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, experience a compulsive need to move their legs. They may also have uncomfortable sensations, such as burning, tingling, or itching, in their legs, which may worsen at night or when they’re resting. Sleep apnea: People diagnosed with sleep apnea have episodes of airway obstruction during sleep, leading to interrupted breathing, snoring, and gasping or snorting. What Causes Sleep Disorders? Sleep disorders have various causes, depending on the individual and the specific condition. However, several common factors can disrupt an individual’s natural cycle of sleep and wakefulness, including: Genetics: Some conditions, such as narcolepsy, may have a genetic component. Genetic syndromes, such as cleft palate, may also cause some types of sleep apnea. (4) Aging: Sleep disorders are common in people over 65. This may be a normal part of aging or because of medications commonly taken by older adults. (5) Environmental conditions: Noise, light, temperature, and other environmental factors play a prominent role in sleep-related wellness. Poor environmental conditions may negatively impact sleep. (6) Work schedules: Overnight employment or irregular work schedules can interfere with an individual’s biological clock, potentially causing a sleep disorder. (7) Medical conditions: Medical conditions are often linked to sleep disorders. For example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and obesity may cause sleep apnea. Medical conditions that cause pain can also interrupt sleep patterns. (8) Psychiatric disorders: Anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and other mental health conditions may lead to sleep disorders. (9) Prescription medications: Some medications, including steroids and diuretics, can interfere with the ability to sleep. (10) Caffeine: Excessive use of caffeine can lead to sleep disturbances in some people. Effects may be worse if caffeine is consumed prior to bedtime. (11) Pregnancy: Pregnant women often develop sleep disorders, such as insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea. (12) What Are Symptoms of Sleep Disorders? The signs of a sleeping disorder may be obvious, such as having trouble falling or staying asleep, and/or excessive sleepiness during the day. However, symptoms can vary depending on the type of disorder and the individual. Other common symptoms include: (13) Chronic snoring Abnormal breathing patterns during sleep Choking episodes during sleep Irregular patterns of sleeping and waking Frequent nightmares or sleep terrors Sleepwalking Weight gain Falling asleep at unusual or inappropriate times Unusual or uncomfortable limb movements before or during sleep The urge to move the legs prior to sleeping Several medical conditions may also be indicative of an underlying sleep disorder, including: (14) Obesity Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure Heart disease How Are Sleep Disorders Diagnosed? If a physician suspects a sleep disorder, they may refer the patient to a sleep specialist, who is trained to evaluate sleep issues. The evaluation may involve: A detailed medical history: This typically includes questions about overall health, symptoms, prescription and OTC medications, and sleep schedules. A physical exam: During a physical exam, the doctor may check for nasal congestion, enlarged tonsils, a narrow airway, or a deviated septum. Lab work: A doctor may order blood tests to check an individual's iron levels and thyroid function, or to do a drug screening. A sleep journal: Patients may be asked to track sleep patterns and quality over a period of about 1 to 2 weeks. A sleep study: Sleep studies may be done at home or in a clinical setting. Equipment may record crucial information, such as sleep stages, blood oxygen levels, eye movement, and brain waves. Diagnostic tests: Physicians may order additional tests to determine an individual's sleepiness levels and their ability to stay awake during the day. (15) After obtaining sufficient information, the physician may diagnose a sleep disorder and create a treatment plan. What Is the Best Treatment for Sleep Disorders? The best treatment for a sleeping disorder depends on the specific condition, its severity, and the individual's general health. Treatment options include: Therapies: Several therapies may be prescribed to treat sleep disorders. Orofacial therapy, which exercises facial muscles, may help with sleep apnea. Light therapy, which exposes an individual to artificial light that mimics sunlight, can help reset the sleep-wake cycle in some people. Medications: Over-the-counter or prescription sleep aids may help people who have trouble sleeping. However, many medications cause side effects and aren’t designed for long-term use. Devices: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines or oral devices that better-position the jaw and tongue to help keep an individual’s airways open may reduce episodes of sleep apnea. Surgical procedures: Some surgical interventions, such as soft tissue removal from the throat and mouth, may make an individual’s airway bigger to facilitate nighttime breathing. (16) How to Cope With a Sleep Disorder Diagnosis Sleep and mental health are closely linked, and sleep problems can have a negative impact on your state of mind. (17) Individuals diagnosed with a sleep disorder may want to consider simple lifestyle changes to improve their quality of sleep. This may include: Maintaining a regular sleep schedule Avoiding naps Reducing caffeine intake Reducing beverage intake before bedtime Creating a sleep-friendly bedroom A trusted physician can provide advice on additional treatment options. Individuals who are experiencing emotional distress related to their diagnosis may find it helpful to consult a trained mental health counselor. References National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). [Referenced web resource] (2024). Primary Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias. Source American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). What are Sleep Disorders?. SourceNational Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics. Source Cleveland Clinic. (2017). Sleep Disorders: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. SourceWorld Sleep Society. (2015). Environmental Sleep Factors. SourceCleveland Clinic. (2017). Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD): Symptoms & Treatment. SourceNational Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Sleep Disorders | MedlinePlus. SourceNutt, D., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 10(3), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/dnuttNational Jewish Health. (n.d.). Medications That Cause Insomnia. SourceLauren Fountain. (2009). Caffeine and Sleep. Sleep Foundation. Source(n.d.). Are there medical conditions that may disrupt sleep patterns?. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. Source Logan Foley. (2020). Sleep Disorders. Sleep Foundation. Sourcecdc.gov. (n.d.). [Referenced web resource] National Jewish Health. (n.d.). Sleep Disorder Diagnosis | Were You Recently Diagnosed?. SourceNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Sleep Disorder Treatments. NHLBI, NIH. Source(n.d.). How sleep can affect mental health | Sleep problems | Mind. Source Medical ContentThe Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.About MentalHealth.comMentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.AuthorLisa A. KoosisWriterLisa A. Koosis is a writer and blogger who writes about the science of positive affirmations and the brain.PublishedDecember 22, 2022UpdatedAugust 13, 2025Medical ReviewerErin L. GeorgeMFTErin L. George, MFT, holds a master's degree in family therapy with a focus on group dynamics in high-risk families. As a court-appointed special advocate for children, she is dedicated to helping families rebuild relationships and improve their mental and behavioral health.ReviewedDecember 22, 2022Subject matter expertSimone Hoermann Ph.D.Psychotherapy for insomnia, anxiety, and depressionView experienceRelated communitiesSelf-CareExplore everyday routines, personal needs, and moments that support a sense of well-being.Explore communityTable of contentsChoose a sectionWhat Is a Sleep Disorder?View moreSubject matter expertSimone Hoermann Ph.D.Psychotherapy for insomnia, anxiety, and depressionView experienceRelated communitiesSelf-CareExplore everyday routines, personal needs, and moments that support a sense of well-being.Explore community","wordCount":1540},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization","name":"MentalHealth.com","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#website","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","name":"MentalHealth.com","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Library","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Medical Conditions","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/medical-conditions"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Sleep Disorders","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders"}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#primaryimage","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/editorial-247/13519.webp","contentUrl":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/editorial-247/13519.webp","width":1200,"height":600,"encodingFormat":"image/webp","caption":"A man sits awake at the edge of a bed."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/lisa-a-koosis#person","name":"Lisa A. 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Koosis","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#lisa-a-koosis"},{"id":"erin-l-george","title":"Erin L. George","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#erin-l-george"}],"references":[{"number":1,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#national-library-medicine-resource","text":"National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). [Referenced web resource]","links":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279322/","label":"[Referenced web resource]"}],"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279322/","metadataStatus":"unavailable"},{"number":2,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#primary-sleep-disorders-dyssomnias","text":"(2024). Primary Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/primary-sleep-disorders-dyssomnias","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/primary-sleep-disorders-dyssomnias","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":3,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorders","text":"American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). What are Sleep Disorders?. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":4,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#narcolepsy-medlineplus-genetics","text":"National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics. 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Source","links":[{"url":"https://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://worldsleepday.org/environmental-sleep-factors","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":7,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#shift-work-sleep-disorder-swsd-symptoms-treatment","text":"Cleveland Clinic. (2017). Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD): Symptoms & Treatment. Source","links":[{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12146-shift-work-sleep-disorder","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12146-shift-work-sleep-disorder","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":8,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorders-medlineplus","text":"National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Sleep Disorders | MedlinePlus. Source","links":[{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":9,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorders-core-symptoms-depression","text":"Nutt, D., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 10(3), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/dnutt","links":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181883/","label":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/dnutt"}],"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181883/","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":10,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#medications-that-cause-insomnia","text":"National Jewish Health. (n.d.). Medications That Cause Insomnia. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/insomnia/causes/medicines-that-can-cause-insomnia","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/insomnia/causes/medicines-that-can-cause-insomnia","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":11,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#caffeine-sleep","text":"Lauren Fountain. (2009). Caffeine and Sleep. Sleep Foundation. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nutrition/caffeine-and-sleep","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/nutrition/caffeine-and-sleep","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":12,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#there-medical-conditions-that-may-disrupt-sleep-patterns","text":"(n.d.). Are there medical conditions that may disrupt sleep patterns?. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/sleep-disruption","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/sleep-disruption","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":13,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorders-source","text":"Logan Foley. (2020). Sleep Disorders. Sleep Foundation. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":14,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#chronic-disease","text":"cdc.gov. (n.d.). [Referenced web resource]","links":[{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html","label":"[Referenced web resource]"}],"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html","metadataStatus":"unavailable"},{"number":15,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorder-diagnosis-were-you-recently-diagnosed","text":"National Jewish Health. (n.d.). Sleep Disorder Diagnosis | Were You Recently Diagnosed?. Source","links":[{"url":"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/sleep-disorders/diagnosis","label":"Source"}],"url":"https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/sleep-disorders/diagnosis","metadataStatus":"verified"},{"number":16,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sleep-disorders#sleep-disorder-treatments","text":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Sleep Disorder Treatments. NHLBI, NIH. 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