{"formatVersion":"1.1","id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/prescription-drug-abuse","path":"/library/prescription-drug-abuse","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/prescription-drug-abuse","title":"Prescription Drug Addiction","family":"Library detail","description":"Explore how prescription drugs work and their side effects. Learn how they affect mental health and their potential for addiction.","language":"en-US","access":{"audience":"custom-shared-preview","indexable":true},"provenance":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/prescription-drug-abuse","wordpressId":"5419","contentCompleteness":"complete","dateScope":"original-source"},"authors":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/christine-dayton#person","name":"Christine Dayton","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/christine-dayton"}],"reviewer":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod#person","name":"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod"},"dates":{"datePublished":"2025-04-16T05:11:45Z","dateModified":"2025-12-27T11:35:37Z","lastReviewed":"2025-04-16"},"content":{"html":"

Prescription Drug Addiction

Written by \"\"Christine DaytonMedically reviewed by \"\"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.

Published on · Updated on

Prescription drugs play a fundamental role in modern healthcare and can improve the quality of life for countless people. Medications offer relief from acute mental health conditions and help people better manage chronic diagnoses. Some medications provide significant physical or mental health benefits.

However, the increasing reliance on these drugs raises concerns about addiction, adverse mental health implications, and long-term side effects. A balanced understanding of the risks and benefits is essential for responsible use and to create effective treatment strategies.

\"An

Key takeaways

  • Prescription medications can improve health while also carrying side-effect and misuse risks.
  • Prescription drug addiction may overlap with mental health conditions and requires coordinated treatment.
  • Recovery can involve appropriate medication, behavioral therapy, and peer or family support.

Role of Prescription Drugs

When someone has a medical concern or experiences uncomfortable symptoms, the first line of defense is to contact a medical professional. The healthcare provider often performs diagnostic testing to determine the cause and develop a treatment plan, which can include prescribing medications [1]. The positive impacts of long-term or short-term use of prescription drugs can:

    \n
  • Significantly improve health outcomes
    • \n
  • Manage chronic conditions
    • \n
  • Address acute diagnoses
    • \n
  • Complement other treatments
    • \n
  • Offer symptom relief that enhances daily functioning
    • \n

There are many different categories of prescription drugs, and in the United States, these medications are tested and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for effectiveness and safety. 

Understanding both benefits and potential harms is vital for promoting safe prescription drug usage and patient well-being.

Prescription Drug Side Effects

One benefit of FDA testing is knowledge about the side effects of prescription drugs. Every medication presents certain risks. Some are minor, while others are serious, including the risk of addiction to prescription drugs.

Common temporary or manageable side effects of prescription drugs include:

    \n
  • Nausea
    • \n
  • Dizziness
    • \n
  • Drowsiness
    • \n
  • Headaches
    • \n
  • Constipation
    • \n

Other side effects may have more lasting or serious health impacts. Some of these side effects are irreversible and can permanently and negatively impact quality of life, like:

    \n
  • Organ failure
    • \n
  • Neurological effects
    • \n
  • Endocrine and hormonal changes
    • \n
  • Autoimmune reactions
    • \n
  • Dependency and addiction
    • \n

Long-term use of some types of prescription medications can also lead to tolerance or the need for higher doses to achieve the same effect. This may result in a substance use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms from a substance use disorder can occur when reducing or stopping medications, reinforcing continued use, and combining prescription medications with alcohol or illicit drugs often increase the danger [2].

Additionally, polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications concurrently, can increase the risk of drug interactions and compounded side effects. According to a 2014 study, approximately 39% of older adults in the U.S. take five or more prescription medications simultaneously [3].

In addition to potential drug interactions, it is difficult to maintain proper dosing schedules for multiple medications, especially for seniors who might be experiencing cognitive decline. Therefore, regular and comprehensive medication reviews with a healthcare provider who has a full view of all the prescription medications a patient is taking are essential.

Overall, the severity and likelihood of experiencing prescription drug side effects vary depending significantly on the person and the specific drug. Patients benefit by engaging in informed discussions with healthcare providers that weigh potential risks and benefits of any prescribed treatment.

Prescription Drugs and Mental Health

The impact of prescription drugs on mental health is well-documented. For instance, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat depression and anxiety. A patient’s emotional regulation and stability can improve by using these medications [4]. Similarly, medications like lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate can enhance focus and executive functioning in those diagnosed with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [5].

While many psychotropic medications alleviate mental illness symptoms, some drugs prescribed for non-psychiatric reasons may negatively affect cognition and mood. Corticosteroids, for example, have been linked to symptoms like mood swings, insomnia, and in rare cases, psychosis [6].

As these findings suggest, the relationship between mental health and prescription drugs is complex and bidirectional. Mental health disorders can increase the risk of misuse, and prolonged use of certain drugs may worsen psychological symptoms. For example, long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline, particularly in cases of misuse [7].

Prescription drug misuse is often linked to untreated mental health conditions. Many people with depression, anxiety, or trauma use medications to self-medicate emotional pain. However, this cycle frequently exacerbates the underlying condition and makes recovery more difficult.

Integrated treatment models that include mental health support reduce relapse risk and enhance recovery outcomes. Since antidepressant effectiveness can vary based on genetics, medical history, and individual response, working closely with a healthcare provider is essential to finding the most effective treatment approach [4].

Addiction Treatment

Addiction to prescription medications is a serious issue that demands prompt, comprehensive intervention. Effective prescription drug addiction treatment considers physical, psychological, and social factors and specific care plans vary depending on the type of drug involved and the severity of addiction.

Pre-existing risk markers, or factors or conditions that may indicate one’s higher likelihood of developing addictions to medications, are also taken into account. 

Evidence-based treatment options for prescription drug addiction treatment plans include:

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is an evidence-based approach that combines FDA-approved medications with counseling and therapy to treat substance use disorders, particularly opioid addiction. MAT helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings, improving the chances of successful recovery and long-term sobriety.

Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are commonly used in MAT to support individuals in overcoming addiction and maintaining stability [8].

Behavioral Therapies

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used to help patients recognize negative thought patterns. Recognizing patterns makes it easier to develop coping mechanisms and increase motivation for recovery [9].

Other therapies, such as motivational interviewing and contingency management, are valuable in discovering the root causes of substance abuse and promoting lasting change.

Peer and Family Support

Support groups, including Narcotics Anonymous, provide engagement and structure that reinforce recovery. For many people, the sense of belonging within a community of others who share similar challenges encourages the maintenance of sobriety and the process of rebuilding health and wellness.

Family therapy is another useful prescription drug addiction treatment tool, notably when family dynamics contribute to or impact chemical dependency.

Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders

Prescription drug misuse is often intertwined with co-occurring mental health disorders, creating a challenging dynamic for both diagnosis and treatment. Clinical depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and clinical anxiety are examples of pre-existing risk markers that can increase one’s vulnerability to addiction, making recovery more complex [10]. 

A person experiencing one of these conditions may use prescription drugs as a form of self-medication to alleviate emotional pain or distress. This can ultimately exacerbate mental health symptoms and create a cycle of dependence [10]. Integrated treatment models that address both mental health and substance use disorders are essential for long-term success. 

Simultaneously treating both conditions recognizes the impact of prescription drugs on mental health and the interconnectedness of mental health and addiction. Research consistently supports the effectiveness of dual diagnosis care, demonstrating that patients who receive integrated treatment show improved functioning and a significant reduction in substance use over time [10]. 

Furthermore, holistic treatment goes beyond simply addressing the symptoms of addiction. These approaches incorporate mental health screenings. Holistic care supports physical health and assists with socioeconomic challenges.

By addressing these root causes, comprehensive treatment plans increase the likelihood of sustained recovery by providing the tools and resources needed for healthier, more balanced lives.

Alternative Treatments

To mitigate the risks associated with medications, many healthcare providers recommend complementary or alternative treatments to prescription drugs. These include lifestyle modifications and non-pharmacologic therapies:

Mindfulness-based interventions, such as MBSR, significantly reduce symptoms of chronic pain and anxiety [11]. These alternative treatments to prescription drugs not only treat the physical source of discomfort but also enhance emotional resilience.

The right lifestyle changes can also sometimes decrease or even eliminate the need for prescription drugs. Several components of a healthier lifestyle include:  

    \n
  • Choosing healthy foods and prioritizing balanced nutrition
    • \n
  • Participating in regular exercise to keep the body moving 
    • \n
  • Practicing good sleep hygiene habits to restore the mind and body 
    • \n
  • Maintaining positive social connections with family and peers
    • \n
  • Engaging in hobbies that stimulate the mind
    • \n

When lifestyle changes are being considered as an alternative or complement to prescription medications, establishing a coordinated healthcare team is essential.

Clear and consistent communication among patients, mental health professionals, and primary care providers enhances the ability to achieve treatment goals. Utilizing streamlined communication strategies ensures that evolving healthcare needs are addressed efficiently and effectively.

Choosing Wellness Every Day

Prescription drugs are a beneficial component in treatment plans for many people and health conditions. However, it is essential to use medications responsibly and understand potential prescription drug side effects and the risks associated with medications. A person must also consider pre-existing risk markers and how the drugs might impact mental health. 

Integrating alternative treatments helps support responsible medication use by creating a care environment that is focused on overall wellness. The primary goal is to improve or maintain long-term physical and mental health, ultimately enhancing quality of life.

When appropriate, a secondary goal is to reduce or replace the use of prescription medications with effective alternatives. Open communication between patients and healthcare providers is essential to achieving these goals, as it promotes a clearer understanding of the role of prescription drugs within the broader care plan and highlights available treatment options that support safe, high-quality care.

References

    \n
  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: Questions and answers. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
    2. \n
  2. Kosten, T. R., & George, T. P. (2002). The neurobiology of opioid dependence: Implications for treatment. Science & Practice Perspectives, 1(1), 13-20. PubMed
    3. \n
  3. Maher, R. L., Hanlon, J. T., & Hajjar, E. R. (2014). Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 13(1), 57-65. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly
    4. \n
  4. Mayo Clinic Staff. (n.d.). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): How they work, benefits, and side effects. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic
    5. \n
  5. Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., MacPherson, H. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2008). Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with ADHD: A naturalistic controlled 10-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(5), 597-603. Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    6. \n
  6. Brown, E. S., & Chandler, P. A. (2001). Mood and cognitive changes during systemic corticosteroid therapy. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), 17-21. Mood and cognitive changes during systemic corticosteroid therapy
    7. \n
  7. Barker, M. J., Greenwood, K. M., Jackson, M., & Crowe, S. F. (2004). Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use: A meta-analysis. CNS Drugs, 18(1), 37-48. Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use
    8. \n
  8. American Addiction Centers. (n.d.). Medication-assisted treatment (MAT): Addiction medications. American Addiction Centers. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT): Addiction medications
    9. \n
  9. McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 511-525. Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders
    10. \n
  10. Drake, R. E., O’Neal, E. L., & Wallach, M. A. (2004). A systematic review of psychosocial research on psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27(3), 179-188. PubMed
    11. \n
  11. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. Mindfulness-based interventions in context
    12. \n

Medical Content

The Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.

About MentalHealth.com

MentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.

\"\"

Author

Christine Dayton

BSW

Christine Dayton is a professional health writer with over a decade of experience in geriatric care and wellness, mental health, end-of-life support, and bereavement care.

Published
Updated
\"\"

Medical Reviewer

Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.

Ph.D.

Shivani Kharod, Ph.D. is a medical reviewer with over 10 years of experience in delivering scientifically accurate health content.

Reviewed

Subject matter expert

\"\"

Roger P. Watts Ph.D.

Addiction therapy and recovery

View experience
\"\"

Related communities

Addiction

Connect around the experiences, relationships, and questions that surround addiction.

Explore community
","text":"HomeLibraryAddictionPrescription Drug AddictionPrescription Drug AddictionWritten by Christine DaytonMedically reviewed by Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.Published on April 16, 2025 · Updated on December 27, 2025Prescription drugs play a fundamental role in modern healthcare and can improve the quality of life for countless people. Medications offer relief from acute mental health conditions and help people better manage chronic diagnoses. Some medications provide significant physical or mental health benefits.However, the increasing reliance on these drugs raises concerns about addiction, adverse mental health implications, and long-term side effects. A balanced understanding of the risks and benefits is essential for responsible use and to create effective treatment strategies.Key takeawaysPrescription medications can improve health while also carrying side-effect and misuse risks.Prescription drug addiction may overlap with mental health conditions and requires coordinated treatment.Recovery can involve appropriate medication, behavioral therapy, and peer or family support.Role of Prescription DrugsWhen someone has a medical concern or experiences uncomfortable symptoms, the first line of defense is to contact a medical professional. The healthcare provider often performs diagnostic testing to determine the cause and develop a treatment plan, which can include prescribing medications [1]. The positive impacts of long-term or short-term use of prescription drugs can: Significantly improve health outcomes Manage chronic conditions Address acute diagnoses Complement other treatments Offer symptom relief that enhances daily functioning There are many different categories of prescription drugs, and in the United States, these medications are tested and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for effectiveness and safety. Understanding both benefits and potential harms is vital for promoting safe prescription drug usage and patient well-being.Prescription Drug Side EffectsOne benefit of FDA testing is knowledge about the side effects of prescription drugs. Every medication presents certain risks. Some are minor, while others are serious, including the risk of addiction to prescription drugs. Common temporary or manageable side effects of prescription drugs include: Nausea Dizziness Drowsiness Headaches Constipation Other side effects may have more lasting or serious health impacts. Some of these side effects are irreversible and can permanently and negatively impact quality of life, like: Organ failure Neurological effects Endocrine and hormonal changes Autoimmune reactions Dependency and addiction Long-term use of some types of prescription medications can also lead to tolerance or the need for higher doses to achieve the same effect. This may result in a substance use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms from a substance use disorder can occur when reducing or stopping medications, reinforcing continued use, and combining prescription medications with alcohol or illicit drugs often increase the danger [2].Additionally, polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications concurrently, can increase the risk of drug interactions and compounded side effects. According to a 2014 study, approximately 39% of older adults in the U.S. take five or more prescription medications simultaneously [3]. In addition to potential drug interactions, it is difficult to maintain proper dosing schedules for multiple medications, especially for seniors who might be experiencing cognitive decline. Therefore, regular and comprehensive medication reviews with a healthcare provider who has a full view of all the prescription medications a patient is taking are essential.Overall, the severity and likelihood of experiencing prescription drug side effects vary depending significantly on the person and the specific drug. Patients benefit by engaging in informed discussions with healthcare providers that weigh potential risks and benefits of any prescribed treatment.Prescription Drugs and Mental HealthThe impact of prescription drugs on mental health is well-documented. For instance, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat depression and anxiety. A patient’s emotional regulation and stability can improve by using these medications [4]. Similarly, medications like lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate can enhance focus and executive functioning in those diagnosed with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [5].While many psychotropic medications alleviate mental illness symptoms, some drugs prescribed for non-psychiatric reasons may negatively affect cognition and mood. Corticosteroids, for example, have been linked to symptoms like mood swings, insomnia, and in rare cases, psychosis [6].As these findings suggest, the relationship between mental health and prescription drugs is complex and bidirectional. Mental health disorders can increase the risk of misuse, and prolonged use of certain drugs may worsen psychological symptoms. For example, long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline, particularly in cases of misuse [7].Prescription drug misuse is often linked to untreated mental health conditions. Many people with depression, anxiety, or trauma use medications to self-medicate emotional pain. However, this cycle frequently exacerbates the underlying condition and makes recovery more difficult. Integrated treatment models that include mental health support reduce relapse risk and enhance recovery outcomes. Since antidepressant effectiveness can vary based on genetics, medical history, and individual response, working closely with a healthcare provider is essential to finding the most effective treatment approach [4].Addiction TreatmentAddiction to prescription medications is a serious issue that demands prompt, comprehensive intervention. Effective prescription drug addiction treatment considers physical, psychological, and social factors and specific care plans vary depending on the type of drug involved and the severity of addiction.Pre-existing risk markers, or factors or conditions that may indicate one’s higher likelihood of developing addictions to medications, are also taken into account. Evidence-based treatment options for prescription drug addiction treatment plans include:Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is an evidence-based approach that combines FDA-approved medications with counseling and therapy to treat substance use disorders, particularly opioid addiction. MAT helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings, improving the chances of successful recovery and long-term sobriety. Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are commonly used in MAT to support individuals in overcoming addiction and maintaining stability [8].Behavioral TherapiesCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used to help patients recognize negative thought patterns. Recognizing patterns makes it easier to develop coping mechanisms and increase motivation for recovery [9]. Other therapies, such as motivational interviewing and contingency management, are valuable in discovering the root causes of substance abuse and promoting lasting change.Peer and Family SupportSupport groups, including Narcotics Anonymous, provide engagement and structure that reinforce recovery. For many people, the sense of belonging within a community of others who share similar challenges encourages the maintenance of sobriety and the process of rebuilding health and wellness. Family therapy is another useful prescription drug addiction treatment tool, notably when family dynamics contribute to or impact chemical dependency.Co-Occurring Mental Health DisordersPrescription drug misuse is often intertwined with co-occurring mental health disorders, creating a challenging dynamic for both diagnosis and treatment. Clinical depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and clinical anxiety are examples of pre-existing risk markers that can increase one’s vulnerability to addiction, making recovery more complex [10]. A person experiencing one of these conditions may use prescription drugs as a form of self-medication to alleviate emotional pain or distress. This can ultimately exacerbate mental health symptoms and create a cycle of dependence [10]. Integrated treatment models that address both mental health and substance use disorders are essential for long-term success. Simultaneously treating both conditions recognizes the impact of prescription drugs on mental health and the interconnectedness of mental health and addiction. Research consistently supports the effectiveness of dual diagnosis care, demonstrating that patients who receive integrated treatment show improved functioning and a significant reduction in substance use over time [10]. Furthermore, holistic treatment goes beyond simply addressing the symptoms of addiction. These approaches incorporate mental health screenings. Holistic care supports physical health and assists with socioeconomic challenges. By addressing these root causes, comprehensive treatment plans increase the likelihood of sustained recovery by providing the tools and resources needed for healthier, more balanced lives.Alternative TreatmentsTo mitigate the risks associated with medications, many healthcare providers recommend complementary or alternative treatments to prescription drugs. These include lifestyle modifications and non-pharmacologic therapies: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Physical therapy and exercise Yoga and deep breathing Acupuncture Mindfulness-based interventions, such as MBSR, significantly reduce symptoms of chronic pain and anxiety [11]. These alternative treatments to prescription drugs not only treat the physical source of discomfort but also enhance emotional resilience.The right lifestyle changes can also sometimes decrease or even eliminate the need for prescription drugs. Several components of a healthier lifestyle include: Choosing healthy foods and prioritizing balanced nutrition Participating in regular exercise to keep the body moving Practicing good sleep hygiene habits to restore the mind and body Maintaining positive social connections with family and peers Engaging in hobbies that stimulate the mind When lifestyle changes are being considered as an alternative or complement to prescription medications, establishing a coordinated healthcare team is essential. Clear and consistent communication among patients, mental health professionals, and primary care providers enhances the ability to achieve treatment goals. Utilizing streamlined communication strategies ensures that evolving healthcare needs are addressed efficiently and effectively.Choosing Wellness Every DayPrescription drugs are a beneficial component in treatment plans for many people and health conditions. However, it is essential to use medications responsibly and understand potential prescription drug side effects and the risks associated with medications. A person must also consider pre-existing risk markers and how the drugs might impact mental health. Integrating alternative treatments helps support responsible medication use by creating a care environment that is focused on overall wellness. The primary goal is to improve or maintain long-term physical and mental health, ultimately enhancing quality of life. When appropriate, a secondary goal is to reduce or replace the use of prescription medications with effective alternatives. Open communication between patients and healthcare providers is essential to achieving these goals, as it promotes a clearer understanding of the role of prescription drugs within the broader care plan and highlights available treatment options that support safe, high-quality care.References U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: Questions and answers. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Kosten, T. R., & George, T. P. (2002). The neurobiology of opioid dependence: Implications for treatment. Science & Practice Perspectives, 1(1), 13-20. PubMed Maher, R. L., Hanlon, J. T., & Hajjar, E. R. (2014). Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 13(1), 57-65. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly Mayo Clinic Staff. (n.d.). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): How they work, benefits, and side effects. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., MacPherson, H. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2008). Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with ADHD: A naturalistic controlled 10-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(5), 597-603. Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Brown, E. S., & Chandler, P. A. (2001). Mood and cognitive changes during systemic corticosteroid therapy. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), 17-21. Mood and cognitive changes during systemic corticosteroid therapy Barker, M. J., Greenwood, K. M., Jackson, M., & Crowe, S. F. (2004). Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use: A meta-analysis. CNS Drugs, 18(1), 37-48. Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use American Addiction Centers. (n.d.). Medication-assisted treatment (MAT): Addiction medications. American Addiction Centers. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT): Addiction medications McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 511-525. Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders Drake, R. E., O’Neal, E. L., & Wallach, M. A. (2004). A systematic review of psychosocial research on psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27(3), 179-188. PubMed Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. Mindfulness-based interventions in context Medical ContentThe Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.About MentalHealth.comMentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.AuthorChristine DaytonBSWChristine Dayton is a professional health writer with over a decade of experience in geriatric care and wellness, mental health, end-of-life support, and bereavement care. PublishedApril 16, 2025UpdatedDecember 27, 2025Medical ReviewerShivani Kharod, Ph.D.Ph.D.Shivani Kharod, Ph.D. is a medical reviewer with over 10 years of experience in delivering scientifically accurate health content.ReviewedApril 16, 2025Subject matter expertRoger P. Watts Ph.D.Addiction therapy and recoveryView experienceRelated communitiesAddictionConnect around the experiences, relationships, and questions that surround addiction.Explore communityTable of contentsChoose a sectionRole of Prescription DrugsPrescription Drug Side EffectsPrescription Drugs and Mental HealthAddiction TreatmentCo-Occurring Mental Health DisordersAlternative TreatmentsChoosing Wellness Every DayView moreSubject matter expertRoger P. 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