{"formatVersion":"1.1","id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia","path":"/library/phobophobia","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia","title":"Phobophobia","family":"Library detail","description":"Phobophobia is an extreme fear of being afraid, a fear of fear. This persistent form of anxiety can cause daily issues for people, but it can be managed with the right treatment.","language":"en-US","access":{"audience":"custom-shared-preview","indexable":true},"provenance":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/phobophobia","wordpressId":"409","contentCompleteness":"complete","dateScope":"original-source"},"authors":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr#person","name":"Naomi Carr","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr"}],"reviewer":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair#person","name":"Morgan Blair","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair"},"dates":{"datePublished":"2023-03-29T12:29:40Z","dateModified":"2025-08-13T12:51:02Z","lastReviewed":"2023-03-29"},"content":{"html":"<nav class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/\">Home</a></li><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library\">Library</a></li><li><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobias\">Phobias</a></li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Phobophobia</span></li></ol></nav><div class=\"article-page article-standard\" data-library-standard><div class=\"article-main-grid\"><header class=\"article-heading\"><h1>Phobophobia</h1><p class=\"article-inline-credits\"><span>Written by <a class=\"article-credit-person\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/2428.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" loading=\"lazy\">Naomi Carr</a></span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class=\"article-credit-person\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/3070.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" loading=\"lazy\">Morgan Blair</a></span></p><div class=\"article-dates\"><span>Published on <time datetime=\"2023-03-29T12:29:40Z\">March 29, 2023</time></span><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> · </span><span>Updated on <time datetime=\"2025-08-13T12:51:02Z\">August 13, 2025</time></span></div></header><div class=\"article-jumpbar\"></div><div class=\"article-layout\"><div class=\"article-reading\"><article class=\"prose\" id=\"article-content\"><div class=\"article-intro\" data-source-field=\"hero\"><p>Phobophobia is a fear of phobias or of being afraid and can occur following a traumatic event or due to unknown causes. Treatment for phobophobia includes therapeutic interventions and medications.</p></div><figure class=\"article-feature\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11681.webp\" alt=\"A person in a rust-colored sweater sits with hands clasped in their lap.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"633\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"></figure><section class=\"article-takeaways\" aria-labelledby=\"key-takeaways\"><h2 id=\"key-takeaways\">Key takeaways</h2><ul><li>Phobophobia is an intense fear of fear itself, including anxiety sensations or the possibility of developing another phobia.</li><li>This fear can sustain anxiety and avoidance, and its prevalence remains uncertain because research is limited.</li><li>Therapeutic approaches used for phobias, sometimes with medication and self-care, may help improve functioning.</li></ul></section><span id=\"what-is-phobophobia-phobophobia-is-an-intense-fear-of-fear-it-may-be-related-to-the-individual-feeling-afraid-of-the-physical-sensations-associated-with-anxiety-such-as-sweating-shaking-and-fast-heartbeat-or-of-developing-a\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"what-is-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"what-is-phobophobia\">What is phobophobia?</h2><p>\nPhobophobia is an intense fear of fear. It may be related to the individual feeling afraid of the physical sensations associated with anxiety, such as sweating, shaking, and fast heartbeat, or of developing a <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/specific-phobias\" class=\"article-inline-link\">specific phobia</a> such as <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/claustrophobia\" class=\"article-inline-link\">claustrophobia (fear of small spaces)</a>, or of unforeseen anxiety-provoking events occurring <sup><a href=\"#some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#fear-unknown-one-fear-rule-them-all\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[2]</a></sup>.\n</p><p>People with phobophobia become so afraid of the emotions or physical manifestations of fear that this becomes a phobia in and of itself. This phobia has the potential to cause persistent anxiety <sup><a href=\"#some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobophobia-exposure-co2-induced-anxiety-symptoms\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[3]</a></sup>.</p><p>Although not specifically mentioned in the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5<sup>th</sup> Edition (DSM-5)</em>, phobophobia is considered a specific phobia. Specific phobias are characterized by an irrational and disproportionate level of fear or anxiety when faced with a certain stimulus <sup><a href=\"#anxiety-disorders-specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[4]</a></sup>.</p><p>\nCurrent research on phobophobia is limited, due to the fact that many people do not seek professional help for phobias and because symptoms often overlap with other disorders <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[5]</a></sup>. As such, further research is needed to understand the causes and risk factors of the development of specific phobias such as phobophobia.\n</p><span id=\"symptoms-of-phobophobia-symptoms-of-phobophobia-may-vary-from-person-to-person-but-can-include\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"symptoms-of-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"symptoms-of-phobophobia\">Symptoms of phobophobia</h2><p>\nSymptoms of phobophobia may vary from person to person but can include <sup><a href=\"#some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[5]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[6]</a></sup>:\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Thinking about becoming afraid or anxious causes immense fear and anxiety.</li>\n    <li>Being afraid of the physical symptoms of anxiety or a panic attack, such as sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, dry mouth, difficulty concentrating, and breathing difficulties.</li>\n    <li>Avoiding situations that may cause fear or physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as rollercoasters, being in a moving vehicle, attending a dentist appointment.</li>\n    <li>Impairments in one or more areas of life, including social and/or professional functioning.</li>\n    <li>The presence of other specific phobias, such as a fear of spiders or injections.</li>\n    <li>The presence of other mental health conditions, such as other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or substance use disorders.</li>\n</ul><span id=\"causes-of-phobophobia-the-exact-cause-of-phobophobia-is-not-known-and-may-vary-from-person-to-person-however-some-research-shows-potential-theories-relating-to-the-development-of-this-phobia-and-certain-factors-that-may-increase-the-risk-of-a-specific-phobia\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"causes-of-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"causes-of-phobophobia\">Causes of phobophobia</h2><p>\nThe exact cause of phobophobia is not known and may vary from person to person. However, some research shows potential theories relating to the development of this phobia and certain factors that may increase the risk of a specific phobia.\n</p><h3 id=\"genetics-research-suggests-that-there-is-a-strong-familial-link-associated-with-the-development-of-specific-phobias-studies-have-found-that-people-with-a-specific-phobia-are-more-likely-to-have-a-relative-with-an-anxiety-disorder-or-phobia-than-those-without-a-phobia-thereby-suggesting-that-genetics-can-increase-the-risk\">Genetics</h3><p>\nResearch suggests that there is a strong familial link associated with the development of specific phobias. Studies have found that people with a specific phobia are more likely to have a relative with an anxiety disorder or phobia than those without a phobia, thereby suggesting that genetics can increase the risk <sup><a href=\"#untangling-genetic-networks-panic-phobia-fear-anxiety\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[7]</a></sup>.\n</p><h3 id=\"brain-functioning-research-suggests-that-some-people-may-be-more-sensitive-to-fear-thereby-increasing-their-risk-of-developing-a-phobia-studies-have-indicated-that-those-with-a-specific-phobia-often-have-a-difference-in-the-activation-and-function-of-the-fear-response-in-the-amygdala-suggesting-that-this-could-be-a-cause-or-contributing-factor-to-specific-phobias\">Brain functioning</h3><p>\nResearch suggests that some people may be more sensitive to fear, thereby increasing their risk of developing a phobia. Studies have indicated that those with a specific phobia often have a difference in the activation and function of the fear response in the amygdala, suggesting that this could be a cause or contributing factor to specific phobias <sup><a href=\"#neurobiology-fear-specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[8]</a></sup>.\n</p><h3 id=\"past-traumatic-experience-phobias-can-develop-as-a-response-to-a-traumatic-experience\">Past traumatic experience</h3><p>\nPhobias can develop as a response to a traumatic experience <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[6]</a></sup>. For example, someone with phobophobia may have experienced an intensely scary or traumatic event as a child that caused them to feel extreme emotional and physical sensations of fear and they become so afraid of experiencing this again that it develops into phobophobia.\nSimilarly, if someone has experienced a panic attack or severe anxiety due to another phobia, this could then develop into phobophobia. For example, someone who is afraid of spiders and experiences a panic attack every time they see a spider could become as afraid of having a panic attack as they are of the spider itself, thereby having both arachnophobia and phobophobia <sup><a href=\"#some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#fear-unknown-one-fear-rule-them-all\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[2]</a></sup>.\n</p><span id=\"diagnosing-phobophobia-specific-phobias-are-often-not-diagnosed-some-choose-to-live-with-their-fear-and-avoid-the-stimulus-that-causes-it-while-others-may-believe-that-they-have-a-different-condition-such-as-ocd-or-generalized-anxiety-disorder\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"diagnosing-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"diagnosing-phobophobia\">Diagnosing phobophobia</h2><p>\nSpecific phobias are often not diagnosed. Some choose to live with their fear and avoid the stimulus that causes it, while others may believe that they have a different condition such as Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or generalized anxiety disorder <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[5]</a></sup>.\n</p><p>However, if you think you have phobophobia, it is important to seek a diagnosis and receive appropriate treatment so that this phobia does not cause a negative impact on your quality of life or cause an avoidance of potentially anxiety-provoking situations.</p><p>\nTo diagnose phobophobia, you will be asked questions about your symptoms as they relate to diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia according to the <em>DSM-5</em> includes <sup><a href=\"#anxiety-disorders-specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[4]</a></sup>:\n</p><ul>\n    <li>Anticipating or facing a situation with the potential to cause fear causes intense feelings of anxiety, which may lead to prolonged or repeated avoidance of certain situations.</li>\n    <li>The associated symptoms cause distress and impair social and/or professional functioning.</li>\n    <li>The level of fear and anxiety is disproportionate to the potential danger or outcome.</li>\n    <li>These symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months.</li>\n    <li>These symptoms are not due to another condition, such as a personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or social anxiety.</li>\n</ul><span id=\"treatment-for-phobophobia-due-to-limited-research-of-specific-phobias-it-is-not-currently-clear-if-each-phobia-can-be-treated-effectively-in-the-same-way-however-treatment-for-phobias-usually-involves-systematic-exposure-response-prevention-and-desensitization-to-gradually-alleviate-the-fear-associated-with-the-stimulus-while-also-managing-symptoms-of-anxiety\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"treatment-for-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"treatment-for-phobophobia\">Treatment for phobophobia</h2><p>\nDue to limited research of specific phobias, it is not currently clear if each phobia can be treated effectively in the same way. However, treatment for phobias usually involves systematic exposure, response prevention, and desensitization, to gradually alleviate the fear associated with the stimulus, while also managing symptoms of anxiety <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[6]</a></sup>.\n</p><h3 id=\"therapy\">Therapy</h3><ul>\n    <li><strong>Behavioral therapy: </strong><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/cognitive-behavioral-therapy\" class=\"article-inline-link\">Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</a> is generally effective at treating phobias and various types of anxiety, as it can help to adjust emotional responses and behaviors that have been learnt as a fear response, provide strategies and skills in distress tolerance, and teach helpful coping techniques <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[5]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[9]</a></sup>.</li>\n    <li><strong>Exposure and response prevention (ERP): </strong>For people with phobophobia, treatment may include ERP, to provide exposure to the physical sensations of anxiety and desensitize the individual, thereby reducing the fear of experiencing these sensations <sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobophobia-exposure-co2-induced-anxiety-symptoms\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[3]</a></sup>.</li>\n    <li><strong>Other therapies: </strong>Therapies, such as family therapy or psychotherapy, can be useful for the individual to receive ongoing support and validation, while helping them manage the symptoms of anxiety and reduce the negative emotions that may occur due to their phobia <sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[9]</a></sup>.</li>\n</ul><h3 id=\"medications-although-there-are-no-approved-medications-for-the-treatment-of-a-specific-phobia-medication-can-be-prescribed-to-help-reduce-the-symptoms-of-phobophobia-including\">Medications</h3><p>\nAlthough there are no approved medications for the treatment of a specific phobia, medication can be prescribed to help reduce the symptoms of phobophobia, including <sup><a href=\"#specific-phobia\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[5]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#neurobiology-fear-specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[8]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[9]</a></sup>:\n</p><ul>\n    <li><strong>Antidepressants: </strong>Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/venlafaxine-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">venlafaxine</a>, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/citalopram-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">citalopram</a> and <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/sertraline-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">sertraline</a>, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) such as <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/clomipramine-use-doses-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">clomipramine</a>, can be helpful in the treatment of phobophobia to reduce feelings of anxiety.</li>\n    <li><strong>Antihistamines: </strong>The FDA have approved the use of an antihistamine, <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/hydroxyzine-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">hydroxyzine</a>, to treat anxiety disorders such as specific phobias, as it is typically effective at reducing symptoms.</li>\n    <li><strong>Benzodiazepines: </strong><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/diazepam-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">D</a><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/diazepam-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">iazepam</a> can be used to treat acute anxiety and phobias as a short-term treatment but have the potential to cause abuse and addiction so are often not a first choice or are not used as a long-term treatment.</li>\n    <li><strong>Beta-blockers: </strong>Beta-blockers such as <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/propranolol-inderal-uses-dosage-side-effects\" class=\"article-inline-link\">propranolol</a> have been found to be effective at managing certain physical symptoms of acute anxiety, such as a rapid heart rate, and may also be useful in managing the symptoms of phobophobia.</li>\n</ul><p>\nIt is crucial to take your medication exactly as your doctor has prescribed, because taking higher doses, missing doses, or suddenly stopping a medication can cause serious effects and can worsen your physical and mental health.\n</p><span id=\"self-care-for-phobophobia-if-you-have-phobophobia-you-might-find-some-self-help-techniques-to-be-useful-in-managing-your-symptoms-including\" class=\"section-anchor-alias\" data-section-alias=\"self-care-for-phobophobia\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><h2 id=\"self-care-for-phobophobia\">Self-care for phobophobia</h2><p>\nIf you have phobophobia, you might find some self-help techniques to be useful in managing your symptoms, including <sup><a href=\"#treatment-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[9]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#self-care-tips-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[10]</a></sup>:\n</p><ul>\n    <li><strong>Talking to others: </strong>Sharing your concerns and fears with friends and family or with a professional can help to reduce negative emotions and provide a space to rationalize your anxieties and fears.</li>\n    <li><strong>Relaxation exercises: </strong>Breathing exercises, yoga, mindfulness, and meditation have been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms. Breathing exercises can be especially helpful in reducing acute symptoms of a panic attack.</li>\n    <li><strong>Support groups: </strong>You may find it helpful to attend a support group to gain a better understanding and acceptance of your phobia, while having an opportunity to share your experiences with others who have a similar condition.</li>\n    <li><strong>General health: </strong>By taking care of your overall health you can reduce anxiety and stress that may occur with phobophobia. Ensure you get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, and regularly engage in exercise.</li>\n</ul><h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions-about-phobophobia\">Frequently asked questions about phobophobia</h2><h3 id=\"how-common-is-phobophobia-due-to-the-limited-research-and-reporting-of-the-condition-the-prevalence-of-phobophobia-is-not-known-however-studies-show-that-specific-phobias-are-much-more-common-in-females-than-males-and-that-between-1-10-of-the-population-will-have-a-debilitating-phobia\">How common is phobophobia?</h3><p>\nDue to the limited research and reporting of the condition, the prevalence of phobophobia is not known. However, studies show that specific phobias are much more common in females than males and that between 1-10% of the population will have a debilitating phobia <sup><a href=\"#cross-national-epidemiology-specific-phobia-world-mental-health-surveys\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[11]</a></sup>.\n</p><h3 id=\"what-is-the-outlook-for-people-with-phobophobia-untreated-phobophobia-can-persist-and-potentially-worsen-which-may-have-an-ongoing-negative-impact-on-your-life-such-as-an-increased-avoidance-of-certain-situations-and-result-in-a-decline-in-mental-wellbeing-however-with-appropriate-treatment-the-symptoms-of-phobophobia-can-be-effectively-managed-to-improve-quality-of-life-and-functioning\">What is the outlook for people with phobophobia?</h3><p>\nUntreated, phobophobia can persist and potentially worsen, which may have an ongoing negative impact on your life, such as an increased avoidance of certain situations, and result in a decline in mental wellbeing. However, with appropriate treatment, the symptoms of phobophobia can be effectively managed to improve quality of life and functioning <sup><a href=\"#some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href=\"#specific-phobias\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" class=\"article-inline-link article-citation\">[6]</a></sup>.</p></article><div class=\"article-endmatter\"><section class=\"article-sources\" id=\"references\" data-source-references=\"\" data-reference-list=\"\" data-reference-style=\"author-date-numbered\"><h2 id=\"references-2\">References</h2><ol>\n    <li id=\"some-remarks-nosology-anxiety-states-panic-disorders\" data-reference-number=\"1\">van den Hout, M., &amp; Griez, E. (1983). Some Remarks on the Nosology of Anxiety States and Panic Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Belgica, 83(1), 33-42. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6137129/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">PubMed</a></li>\n    <li id=\"fear-unknown-one-fear-rule-them-all\" data-reference-number=\"2\">Carleton R.N. (2016). Fear of the Unknown: One Fear to Rule Them All? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 5–21. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Fear of the Unknown</a></li>\n    <li id=\"treatment-phobophobia-exposure-co2-induced-anxiety-symptoms\" data-reference-number=\"3\">Griez, E., &amp; van den Hout, M.A. (1983). Treatment of Phobophobia by Exposure to CO2-Induced Anxiety Symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171(8), 506–508. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198308000-00009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Treatment of Phobophobia by Exposure to CO2-Induced Anxiety Symptoms</a></li>\n    <li id=\"anxiety-disorders-specific-phobia\" data-reference-number=\"4\">American Psychiatric Association. (2013, text revision 2022). Anxiety Disorders – Specific Phobia. In The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.). APA. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x05_Anxiety_Disorders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Anxiety Disorders – Specific Phobia</a></li>\n    <li id=\"specific-phobia\" data-reference-number=\"5\">Samra, C.K., &amp; Abdijadid, S. (2022). Specific Phobia. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499923/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">National Library of Medicine</a></li>\n    <li id=\"specific-phobias\" data-reference-number=\"6\">Eaton, W.W., Bienvenu, O.J., &amp; Miloyan, B. (2018). Specific Phobias. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 5(8), 678–686. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30169-X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Specific Phobias</a></li>\n    <li id=\"untangling-genetic-networks-panic-phobia-fear-anxiety\" data-reference-number=\"7\">Villafuerte, S., &amp; Burmeister, M. (2003). Untangling Genetic Networks of Panic, Phobia, Fear and Anxiety. Genome Biology, 4(8), 224. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2003-4-8-224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Untangling Genetic Networks of Panic, Phobia, Fear and Anxiety</a></li>\n    <li id=\"neurobiology-fear-specific-phobias\" data-reference-number=\"8\">Garcia, R. (2017). Neurobiology of Fear and Specific Phobias. Learning &amp; Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 24(9), 462–471. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.044115.116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Neurobiology of Fear and Specific Phobias</a></li>\n    <li id=\"treatment-phobias\" data-reference-number=\"9\">National Health Service. (Reviewed 2022). Treatment - Phobias. NHS. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/phobias/treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">NHS</a></li>\n    <li id=\"self-care-tips-phobias\" data-reference-number=\"10\">Mind. (2021). Self-Care Tips for Phobias. Mind. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/phobias/self-care/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mind</a></li>\n    <li id=\"cross-national-epidemiology-specific-phobia-world-mental-health-surveys\" data-reference-number=\"11\">Wardenaar, K.J., Lim, C.C.W., Al-Hamzawi, A.O., Alonso, J., Andrade, L.H., Benjet, C., Bunting, B., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S.E., Gureje, O., Hisateru, T., Hu, C., Huang, Y., Karam, E., Kiejna, A., Lepine, J.P., Navarro-Mateu, F., Oakley Browne, M., Piazza, M., …&amp; de Jonge, P. (2017). The Cross-National Epidemiology of Specific Phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47(10), 1744–1760. Retrieved from <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Cross-National Epidemiology of Specific Phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys</a></li>\n</ol></section><section class=\"article-medical article-panel\"><h2 id=\"medical-content\">Medical Content</h2><p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/clinical-affairs\">The Clinical Affairs Team</a> at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the <a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/publishing/editorial-policy\">Editorial Policy</a>.</p></section><section class=\"article-about article-panel\"><h2 id=\"about-mentalhealth-com\">About MentalHealth.com</h2><p>MentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.</p><div class=\"article-contributors\"><section class=\"article-bio\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/2428.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Author</p><h3 id=\"naomi-carr\"><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr\">Naomi Carr</a></h3><p class=\"article-bio-credentials\">Writer</p><p>Naomi Carr is a writer with a background in English Literature from Oxford Brookes University.</p><dl><div><dt>Published</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2023-03-29T12:29:40Z\">March 29, 2023</time></dd></div><div><dt>Updated</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2025-08-13T12:51:02Z\">August 13, 2025</time></dd></div></dl></div></section><section class=\"article-bio\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/3070.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><div><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Medical Reviewer</p><h3 id=\"morgan-blair\"><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair\">Morgan Blair</a></h3><p class=\"article-bio-credentials\">MA, LPCC</p><p>Morgan Blair is a licensed therapist, writer and medical reviewer, holding a master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Northwestern University.</p><dl><div><dt>Reviewed</dt><dd><time datetime=\"2023-03-29\">March 29, 2023</time></dd></div></dl></div></section></div></section><section class=\"article-expert article-expert-mobile\" aria-label=\"Subject matter expert\" data-expert-kind=\"related\"><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Subject matter expert</p><div class=\"article-expert-identity\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9357.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><h2><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/brian-thompson\">Brian Thompson <span class=\"expert-credentials\">Ph.D.</span></a></h2></div><p class=\"article-expert-focus\">Evidence-based care for anxiety</p><a class=\"profile-experience-link experience-button\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/brian-thompson\">View experience</a></section><section class=\"article-topic-community article-topic-community-mobile\" aria-label=\"Related communities\"><img class=\"topic-community-banner\" src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-17224.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" loading=\"lazy\"><p class=\"topic-community-label\">Related communities</p><h2>Anxiety</h2><p>A welcoming place for questions and perspectives about anxiety in everyday life.</p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/anxiety\">Explore community</a></section></div></div><aside class=\"article-sidebar\" tabindex=\"0\" data-bounded-rail=\"\" aria-label=\"Article navigation and related information\"><details class=\"article-contents\" open data-section-preview=\"3\" data-expanded=\"false\" data-scrolled-past=\"false\"><summary><strong>Table of contents</strong><span aria-hidden=\"true\"></span><small data-current-section=\"\">Choose a section</small></summary><nav aria-label=\"Article contents\"><ol id=\"article-section-list\"><li><a href=\"#what-is-phobophobia\" title=\"What is phobophobia?\" aria-label=\"What is phobophobia?\">What is phobophobia?</a></li><li><a href=\"#symptoms-of-phobophobia\" title=\"Symptoms of phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Symptoms of phobophobia\">Symptoms of phobophobia</a></li><li><a href=\"#causes-of-phobophobia\" title=\"Causes of phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Causes of phobophobia\">Causes of phobophobia</a></li><li><a href=\"#diagnosing-phobophobia\" title=\"Diagnosing phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Diagnosing phobophobia\">Diagnosing phobophobia</a></li><li><a href=\"#treatment-for-phobophobia\" title=\"Treatment for phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Treatment for phobophobia\">Treatment for phobophobia</a></li><li><a href=\"#self-care-for-phobophobia\" title=\"Self-care for phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Self-care for phobophobia\">Self-care for phobophobia</a></li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions-about-phobophobia\" title=\"Frequently asked questions about phobophobia\" aria-label=\"Frequently asked questions about phobophobia\">Frequently asked questions about phobophobia</a></li></ol><button type=\"button\" class=\"article-sections-toggle\" data-sections-toggle aria-controls=\"article-section-list\" aria-expanded=\"false\">View more</button></nav></details><section class=\"article-expert\" aria-label=\"Subject matter expert\" data-expert-kind=\"related\"><p class=\"article-bio-role\">Subject matter expert</p><div class=\"article-expert-identity\"><img src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/9357.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" loading=\"lazy\"><h2><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/brian-thompson\">Brian Thompson <span class=\"expert-credentials\">Ph.D.</span></a></h2></div><p class=\"article-expert-focus\">Evidence-based care for anxiety</p><a class=\"profile-experience-link experience-button\" href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/brian-thompson\">View experience</a></section><section class=\"article-topic-community\" aria-label=\"Related communities\"><img class=\"topic-community-banner\" src=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-17224.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" loading=\"lazy\"><p class=\"topic-community-label\">Related communities</p><h2>Anxiety</h2><p>A welcoming place for questions and perspectives about anxiety in everyday life.</p><a href=\"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/anxiety\">Explore community</a></section></aside></div></div></div>","text":"HomeLibraryPhobiasPhobophobiaPhobophobiaWritten by Naomi CarrMedically reviewed by Morgan BlairPublished on March 29, 2023 · Updated on August 13, 2025Phobophobia is a fear of phobias or of being afraid and can occur following a traumatic event or due to unknown causes. Treatment for phobophobia includes therapeutic interventions and medications.Key takeawaysPhobophobia is an intense fear of fear itself, including anxiety sensations or the possibility of developing another phobia.This fear can sustain anxiety and avoidance, and its prevalence remains uncertain because research is limited.Therapeutic approaches used for phobias, sometimes with medication and self-care, may help improve functioning.What is phobophobia? Phobophobia is an intense fear of fear. It may be related to the individual feeling afraid of the physical sensations associated with anxiety, such as sweating, shaking, and fast heartbeat, or of developing a specific phobia such as claustrophobia (fear of small spaces), or of unforeseen anxiety-provoking events occurring [1][2]. People with phobophobia become so afraid of the emotions or physical manifestations of fear that this becomes a phobia in and of itself. This phobia has the potential to cause persistent anxiety [1][3].Although not specifically mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), phobophobia is considered a specific phobia. Specific phobias are characterized by an irrational and disproportionate level of fear or anxiety when faced with a certain stimulus [4]. Current research on phobophobia is limited, due to the fact that many people do not seek professional help for phobias and because symptoms often overlap with other disorders [5]. As such, further research is needed to understand the causes and risk factors of the development of specific phobias such as phobophobia. Symptoms of phobophobia Symptoms of phobophobia may vary from person to person but can include [1][5][6]: Thinking about becoming afraid or anxious causes immense fear and anxiety. Being afraid of the physical symptoms of anxiety or a panic attack, such as sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, dry mouth, difficulty concentrating, and breathing difficulties. Avoiding situations that may cause fear or physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as rollercoasters, being in a moving vehicle, attending a dentist appointment. Impairments in one or more areas of life, including social and/or professional functioning. The presence of other specific phobias, such as a fear of spiders or injections. The presence of other mental health conditions, such as other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or substance use disorders. Causes of phobophobia The exact cause of phobophobia is not known and may vary from person to person. However, some research shows potential theories relating to the development of this phobia and certain factors that may increase the risk of a specific phobia. Genetics Research suggests that there is a strong familial link associated with the development of specific phobias. Studies have found that people with a specific phobia are more likely to have a relative with an anxiety disorder or phobia than those without a phobia, thereby suggesting that genetics can increase the risk [7]. Brain functioning Research suggests that some people may be more sensitive to fear, thereby increasing their risk of developing a phobia. Studies have indicated that those with a specific phobia often have a difference in the activation and function of the fear response in the amygdala, suggesting that this could be a cause or contributing factor to specific phobias [8]. Past traumatic experience Phobias can develop as a response to a traumatic experience [6]. For example, someone with phobophobia may have experienced an intensely scary or traumatic event as a child that caused them to feel extreme emotional and physical sensations of fear and they become so afraid of experiencing this again that it develops into phobophobia. Similarly, if someone has experienced a panic attack or severe anxiety due to another phobia, this could then develop into phobophobia. For example, someone who is afraid of spiders and experiences a panic attack every time they see a spider could become as afraid of having a panic attack as they are of the spider itself, thereby having both arachnophobia and phobophobia [1][2]. Diagnosing phobophobia Specific phobias are often not diagnosed. Some choose to live with their fear and avoid the stimulus that causes it, while others may believe that they have a different condition such as Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or generalized anxiety disorder [5]. However, if you think you have phobophobia, it is important to seek a diagnosis and receive appropriate treatment so that this phobia does not cause a negative impact on your quality of life or cause an avoidance of potentially anxiety-provoking situations. To diagnose phobophobia, you will be asked questions about your symptoms as they relate to diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia according to the DSM-5 includes [4]: Anticipating or facing a situation with the potential to cause fear causes intense feelings of anxiety, which may lead to prolonged or repeated avoidance of certain situations. The associated symptoms cause distress and impair social and/or professional functioning. The level of fear and anxiety is disproportionate to the potential danger or outcome. These symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months. These symptoms are not due to another condition, such as a personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or social anxiety. Treatment for phobophobia Due to limited research of specific phobias, it is not currently clear if each phobia can be treated effectively in the same way. However, treatment for phobias usually involves systematic exposure, response prevention, and desensitization, to gradually alleviate the fear associated with the stimulus, while also managing symptoms of anxiety [6]. Therapy Behavioral therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is generally effective at treating phobias and various types of anxiety, as it can help to adjust emotional responses and behaviors that have been learnt as a fear response, provide strategies and skills in distress tolerance, and teach helpful coping techniques [5][9]. Exposure and response prevention (ERP): For people with phobophobia, treatment may include ERP, to provide exposure to the physical sensations of anxiety and desensitize the individual, thereby reducing the fear of experiencing these sensations [3]. Other therapies: Therapies, such as family therapy or psychotherapy, can be useful for the individual to receive ongoing support and validation, while helping them manage the symptoms of anxiety and reduce the negative emotions that may occur due to their phobia [9]. Medications Although there are no approved medications for the treatment of a specific phobia, medication can be prescribed to help reduce the symptoms of phobophobia, including [5][8][9]: Antidepressants: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as citalopram and sertraline, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) such as clomipramine, can be helpful in the treatment of phobophobia to reduce feelings of anxiety. Antihistamines: The FDA have approved the use of an antihistamine, hydroxyzine, to treat anxiety disorders such as specific phobias, as it is typically effective at reducing symptoms. Benzodiazepines: Diazepam can be used to treat acute anxiety and phobias as a short-term treatment but have the potential to cause abuse and addiction so are often not a first choice or are not used as a long-term treatment. Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers such as propranolol have been found to be effective at managing certain physical symptoms of acute anxiety, such as a rapid heart rate, and may also be useful in managing the symptoms of phobophobia. It is crucial to take your medication exactly as your doctor has prescribed, because taking higher doses, missing doses, or suddenly stopping a medication can cause serious effects and can worsen your physical and mental health. Self-care for phobophobia If you have phobophobia, you might find some self-help techniques to be useful in managing your symptoms, including [9][10]: Talking to others: Sharing your concerns and fears with friends and family or with a professional can help to reduce negative emotions and provide a space to rationalize your anxieties and fears. Relaxation exercises: Breathing exercises, yoga, mindfulness, and meditation have been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms. Breathing exercises can be especially helpful in reducing acute symptoms of a panic attack. Support groups: You may find it helpful to attend a support group to gain a better understanding and acceptance of your phobia, while having an opportunity to share your experiences with others who have a similar condition. General health: By taking care of your overall health you can reduce anxiety and stress that may occur with phobophobia. Ensure you get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, and regularly engage in exercise. Frequently asked questions about phobophobiaHow common is phobophobia? Due to the limited research and reporting of the condition, the prevalence of phobophobia is not known. However, studies show that specific phobias are much more common in females than males and that between 1-10% of the population will have a debilitating phobia [11]. What is the outlook for people with phobophobia? Untreated, phobophobia can persist and potentially worsen, which may have an ongoing negative impact on your life, such as an increased avoidance of certain situations, and result in a decline in mental wellbeing. However, with appropriate treatment, the symptoms of phobophobia can be effectively managed to improve quality of life and functioning [1][6].References van den Hout, M., & Griez, E. (1983). Some Remarks on the Nosology of Anxiety States and Panic Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Belgica, 83(1), 33-42. Retrieved from PubMed Carleton R.N. (2016). Fear of the Unknown: One Fear to Rule Them All? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 5–21. Retrieved from Fear of the Unknown Griez, E., & van den Hout, M.A. (1983). Treatment of Phobophobia by Exposure to CO2-Induced Anxiety Symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171(8), 506–508. Retrieved from Treatment of Phobophobia by Exposure to CO2-Induced Anxiety Symptoms American Psychiatric Association. (2013, text revision 2022). Anxiety Disorders – Specific Phobia. In The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.). APA. Retrieved from Anxiety Disorders – Specific Phobia Samra, C.K., & Abdijadid, S. (2022). Specific Phobia. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from National Library of Medicine Eaton, W.W., Bienvenu, O.J., & Miloyan, B. (2018). Specific Phobias. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 5(8), 678–686. Retrieved from Specific Phobias Villafuerte, S., & Burmeister, M. (2003). Untangling Genetic Networks of Panic, Phobia, Fear and Anxiety. Genome Biology, 4(8), 224. Retrieved from Untangling Genetic Networks of Panic, Phobia, Fear and Anxiety Garcia, R. (2017). Neurobiology of Fear and Specific Phobias. Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 24(9), 462–471. Retrieved from Neurobiology of Fear and Specific Phobias National Health Service. (Reviewed 2022). Treatment - Phobias. NHS. Retrieved from NHS Mind. (2021). Self-Care Tips for Phobias. Mind. Retrieved from Mind Wardenaar, K.J., Lim, C.C.W., Al-Hamzawi, A.O., Alonso, J., Andrade, L.H., Benjet, C., Bunting, B., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S.E., Gureje, O., Hisateru, T., Hu, C., Huang, Y., Karam, E., Kiejna, A., Lepine, J.P., Navarro-Mateu, F., Oakley Browne, M., Piazza, M., …& de Jonge, P. (2017). The Cross-National Epidemiology of Specific Phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47(10), 1744–1760. Retrieved from The Cross-National Epidemiology of Specific Phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys Medical ContentThe Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.About MentalHealth.comMentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.AuthorNaomi CarrWriterNaomi Carr is a writer with a background in English Literature from Oxford Brookes University.PublishedMarch 29, 2023UpdatedAugust 13, 2025Medical ReviewerMorgan BlairMA, LPCCMorgan Blair is a licensed therapist, writer and medical reviewer, holding a master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Northwestern University.ReviewedMarch 29, 2023Subject matter expertBrian Thompson Ph.D.Evidence-based care for anxietyView experienceRelated communitiesAnxietyA welcoming place for questions and perspectives about anxiety in everyday life.Explore communityTable of contentsChoose a sectionWhat is phobophobia?Symptoms of phobophobiaCauses of phobophobiaDiagnosing phobophobiaTreatment for phobophobiaSelf-care for phobophobiaFrequently asked questions about phobophobiaView moreSubject matter expertBrian Thompson Ph.D.Evidence-based care for anxietyView experienceRelated communitiesAnxietyA welcoming place for questions and perspectives about anxiety in everyday life.Explore community","wordCount":2034},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization","name":"MentalHealth.com","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#website","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","name":"MentalHealth.com","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Library","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Phobias","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobias"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Phobophobia","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia"}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia#primaryimage","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11681.webp","contentUrl":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11681.webp","width":1200,"height":633,"encodingFormat":"image/webp","caption":"A person in a rust-colored sweater sits with hands clasped in their lap."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr#person","name":"Naomi Carr","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/naomi-carr","jobTitle":"Writer","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/2428.jpg","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/naomi-carr-07784590/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair#person","name":"Morgan Blair","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/morgan-blair","jobTitle":"MA, LPCC","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/3070.jpg","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/morgan-blair-5627aa88/"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia#article","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia","headline":"Phobophobia","description":"Phobophobia is an extreme fear of being afraid, a fear of fear. This persistent form of anxiety can cause daily issues for people, but it can be managed with the right treatment.","wordCount":1508,"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/phobophobia#webpage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"},"articleSection":"Library","citation":[{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"van den Hout, M., & Griez, E. (1983). Some Remarks on the Nosology of Anxiety States and Panic Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Belgica, 83(1), 33-42. Retrieved from PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6137129/"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Carleton R.N. (2016). Fear of the Unknown: One Fear to Rule Them All? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 5–21. Retrieved from Fear of the Unknown","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.011"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Griez, E., & van den Hout, M.A. (1983). Treatment of Phobophobia by Exposure to CO2-Induced Anxiety Symptoms. 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