{"formatVersion":"1.1","id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery","path":"/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery","title":"The History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","family":"Library detail","description":"Learn the history of post-traumatic stress disorder, how the diagnosis developed, and what it means for trauma treatment today.","language":"en-US","access":{"audience":"custom-shared-preview","indexable":true},"provenance":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery","wordpressId":"616","contentCompleteness":"complete","dateScope":"original-source"},"authors":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/nikki-seay#person","name":"Nikki Seay","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/nikki-seay"}],"reviewer":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod#person","name":"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod"},"dates":{"datePublished":"2025-05-23T06:57:47Z","dateModified":"2025-12-20T08:02:21Z","lastReviewed":"2025-05-23"},"content":{"html":"

The History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Written by \"\"Nikki SeayMedically reviewed by \"\"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.

Published on · Updated on

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widely recognized mental health condition today, but its roots trace back centuries through various forms and understandings. Across history, symptoms now associated with PTSD were often misunderstood or attributed to physical or moral weakness. From ancient times to modern-day psychiatry, science and society have shaped the recognition and treatment of PTSD.

\"A

Key takeaways

  • Descriptions of trauma-related distress existed long before PTSD became a formal diagnosis.
  • Military experiences and changing interpretations of psychological injury shaped terms such as shell shock and later trauma research.
  • Formal recognition in 1980 helped establish PTSD as a condition affecting people exposed to many forms of trauma.

Early Accounts of Trauma in Ancient and Classical History

While PTSD as a formal diagnosis is common in modern times, accounts of trauma-related symptoms appear in some of mankind’s earliest historical records. Ancient medical texts from various cultures often describe symptoms like disturbed sleep and fear responses following traumatic battle events. The symptoms are remarkably similar to how post-traumatic stress symptoms are defined today [1].

During the Assyrian Dynasty (1300–609 BC), the people of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) were the first to develop writing. Many of their records have survived, particularly in the form of clay medical tablets that reference soldiers, who were called upon to fight every third year of their military service, developing symptoms of trauma after battle [2].

Some of the most common post-battle trauma reactions found in ancient Mesopotamian texts include recurring nightmares, excessive drinking, emotional detachment from others, flashbacks to previous battles, and violent outbursts. They also made note of warriors experiencing difficulty sleeping and avoiding reminders of their trauma [2].

Although early writers did not frame these accounts as mental illness, they offered evidence that humans have long grappled with the psychological aftermath of trauma.

17th to 19th Centuries Bring New Types of Trauma

Writers and physicians in the 17th and 18th centuries began to describe symptoms resembling PTSD more systematically. The term “nostalgia” was used to explain emotional disturbances in soldiers far from home, thought to be a form of homesickness.

Physicians observed sadness, sleep disruption, and anxiety, but considered them temporary or even cowardly [3]. By the 19th century, as industrial technology advanced, people began experiencing unfamiliar injuries and stress reactions.

Some individuals involved in train accidents developed lasting symptoms that puzzled doctors, who weren’t sure whether the cause was physical damage or a psychological response to the traumatic event.

Important developments during this time include:

    \n
  • Recognition of trauma in civilians, not just soldiers
    • \n
  • Emergence of psychological theories for unexplained physical symptoms
    • \n
  • Rise of the concept of “hysteria” and its connection to trauma, especially in women
    • \n
  • Use of hypnosis to explore traumatic memory
    • \n
  • Growing tension between neurological and psychological explanations
    • \n

These debates laid the groundwork for a new understanding that trauma-related disorders are complex and multifactorial, which reinforced the importance of obtaining fundamental information on PTSD.

World Wars I and II Bring New Terminology

During World War I, many soldiers began exhibiting severe psychological symptoms despite the absence of visible injuries. At the time, these symptoms were thought to be caused by physical trauma from nearby explosions, leading to the term “shell shock [4].”

However, as it became clear that many affected individuals had not experienced direct blasts, the medical field had to reconsider its assumptions and acknowledge psychological trauma as a potential cause of dysfunction. 

By World War II, the term “battle fatigue” emerged, reflecting a shift in thinking toward stress-related origins. This period marked a turning point in the evolving conceptual framework of trauma, as military psychiatry began actively addressing these conditions through early screening and intervention programs.

These developments played a key role in shaping how PTSD would later be understood, not simply as a response to external stressors, but as a complex disorder with psychological, social, and biological dimensions [5].

Common symptoms seen in combat veterans included:

    \n
  • Sudden panic in response to loud noises
    • \n
  • Withdrawal and emotional flatness
    • \n
  • Insomnia and disturbing dreams
    • \n
  • Startle responses and hypervigilance
    • \n
  • Loss of motivation or purpose
    • \n

This era marked a critical turning point, emphasizing the need for formal recognition and structured support for trauma-related disorders. 

Post-War Period and the Vietnam Generation

Following World War II, psychiatry began to consider trauma as part of a broader range of mental health conditions. However, it wasn’t until the Vietnam War that momentum grew for a distinct diagnostic category.

Unlike earlier conflicts, the Vietnam War lost public support and became politically divisive. Many veterans felt alienated and unsupported, which worsened their psychological problems. Veterans’ mental health professionals began to push for the recognition of PTSD as a unique disorder resulting from trauma, especially as more veterans from the Vietnam War exhibited its symptoms [6].

With a clear understanding of PTSD prevalence rates, pivotal moments from this era helped to shape modern treatment and prevention strategies. Impactful contributions included:

    \n
  • In-depth clinical studies of returning soldiers
    • \n
  • Formation of veteran-led advocacy organizations
    • \n
  • Inclusion of trauma narratives in psychological literature
    • \n
  • Exploration of childhood and interpersonal trauma as contributors
    • \n
  • Calls to differentiate trauma-based symptoms from other anxiety disorders
    • \n

This wave of understanding and advocacy directly influenced the inclusion of PTSD in diagnostic manuals.

Formal DSM Recognition and Evolving Definitions

The American Psychiatric Association officially recognized PTSD in 1980 with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), a pivotal moment that set the stage for the development of PTSD as a formal diagnosis. Since then, the definition of PTSD has evolved significantly, with the DSM-5 representing the most recent and comprehensive revision.

This edition expanded the criteria to include a wider array of symptoms, including dissociation and negative mood changes. It broadened the understanding of trauma to encompass various types, such as childhood abuse, sexual assault, and natural disasters [7].

Key changes in diagnostic criteria over time include:

    \n
  • Reorganization of symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, arousal)
    • \n
  • Inclusion of indirect trauma exposure (e.g., first responders)
    • \n
  • Recognition of the delayed onset of symptoms
    • \n
  • Consideration of cultural context in diagnosis
    • \n
  • Expansion to include complex and chronic trauma
    • \n

As understanding of PTSD grew, so did the need for nuanced diagnoses and individualized treatment approaches.

Contemporary Understanding and Public Awareness

Today, PTSD is widely recognized across clinical, social, and political spheres. Increased awareness has led to more funding for research, better diagnostic tools, and improved access to care. The modern understanding of PTSD recognizes that trauma can arise from many sources and affect diverse populations [7]. It also emphasizes long-term effects and the duration of PTSD. 

Public education campaigns, media coverage, and advocacy by survivors have all contributed to reducing stigma. Clinicians now use evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pharmacological interventions [6].

Current priorities in PTSD care include:

    \n
  • Identifying early interventions for high-risk individuals
    • \n
  • Personalizing treatment plans based on trauma type and history
    • \n
  • Understanding the neurobiology of trauma
    • \n
  • Integrating trauma-informed practices into healthcare systems
    • \n
  • Addressing disparities in access and outcomes
    • \n

A Long Road to Recognizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The history of PTSD reveals the slow but significant public and medical shift from dismissal to understanding. What began as scattered observations across ancient texts evolved into a clearly defined mental health diagnosis with global recognition.

Scientific advances, wartime experiences, and persistent advocacy have all contributed to the progress. While challenges remain in terms of treatment and fighting stigma, continued efforts are improving outcomes for those affected by trauma.

References

    \n
  1. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Trauma-Informed care in behavioral health services. Nih.gov; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). National Library of Medicine. Accessed 10 May 2025. 
    2. \n
  2. Clark, L. (2015, January 26). Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Smithsonian Magazine. Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Accessed 17 May 2025. 
    3. \n
  3. Jones, E. (2006). Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1468), 533–542. Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Accessed 17 May 2025. 
    4. \n
  4. Wainright, D. (2006). Shell Shock to PTSD: Military Psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf War, Maudsley Monographs 47. Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely, Hove: Psychology Press, £24.95, ISBN 1-84169-580-7. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(5), 1367–1368. Shell Shock to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accessed 10 May 2025. 
    5. \n
  5. Yehuda, R., & McFarlane, A. C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. The American journal of psychiatry, 152(12), 1705–1713. Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its…. Accessed 10 May 2025. 
    6. \n
  6. National Center for PTSD. (2023). History of PTSD in veterans. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. History of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Accessed 10 May 2025.
    7. \n
  7. Friedman M. J. (2013). Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(5), 548–556. Finalizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5. Accessed 10 May 2025.
    8. \n

Medical Content

The Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.

About MentalHealth.com

MentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.

\"\"

Author

Nikki Seay

Writer

Nikki Seay is a professional writer with over a decade of experience in digital health and clinical healthcare.

Published
Updated
\"\"

Medical Reviewer

Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.

Ph.D.

Shivani Kharod, Ph.D. is a medical reviewer with over 10 years of experience in delivering scientifically accurate health content.

Reviewed

Subject matter expert

\"\"

Brian Thompson Ph.D.

Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder

View experience
\"\"

Related communities

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A space for perspectives on PTSD, personal experiences, and connection after trauma.

Explore community
","text":"HomeLibraryPost-Traumatic Stress DisorderThe History of Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderThe History of Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderWritten by Nikki SeayMedically reviewed by Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.Published on May 23, 2025 · Updated on December 20, 2025Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widely recognized mental health condition today, but its roots trace back centuries through various forms and understandings. Across history, symptoms now associated with PTSD were often misunderstood or attributed to physical or moral weakness. From ancient times to modern-day psychiatry, science and society have shaped the recognition and treatment of PTSD.Key takeawaysDescriptions of trauma-related distress existed long before PTSD became a formal diagnosis.Military experiences and changing interpretations of psychological injury shaped terms such as shell shock and later trauma research.Formal recognition in 1980 helped establish PTSD as a condition affecting people exposed to many forms of trauma.Early Accounts of Trauma in Ancient and Classical HistoryWhile PTSD as a formal diagnosis is common in modern times, accounts of trauma-related symptoms appear in some of mankind’s earliest historical records. Ancient medical texts from various cultures often describe symptoms like disturbed sleep and fear responses following traumatic battle events. The symptoms are remarkably similar to how post-traumatic stress symptoms are defined today [1].During the Assyrian Dynasty (1300–609 BC), the people of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) were the first to develop writing. Many of their records have survived, particularly in the form of clay medical tablets that reference soldiers, who were called upon to fight every third year of their military service, developing symptoms of trauma after battle [2].Some of the most common post-battle trauma reactions found in ancient Mesopotamian texts include recurring nightmares, excessive drinking, emotional detachment from others, flashbacks to previous battles, and violent outbursts. They also made note of warriors experiencing difficulty sleeping and avoiding reminders of their trauma [2].Although early writers did not frame these accounts as mental illness, they offered evidence that humans have long grappled with the psychological aftermath of trauma.17th to 19th Centuries Bring New Types of TraumaWriters and physicians in the 17th and 18th centuries began to describe symptoms resembling PTSD more systematically. The term “nostalgia” was used to explain emotional disturbances in soldiers far from home, thought to be a form of homesickness. Physicians observed sadness, sleep disruption, and anxiety, but considered them temporary or even cowardly [3]. By the 19th century, as industrial technology advanced, people began experiencing unfamiliar injuries and stress reactions. Some individuals involved in train accidents developed lasting symptoms that puzzled doctors, who weren’t sure whether the cause was physical damage or a psychological response to the traumatic event.Important developments during this time include: Recognition of trauma in civilians, not just soldiers Emergence of psychological theories for unexplained physical symptoms Rise of the concept of “hysteria” and its connection to trauma, especially in women Use of hypnosis to explore traumatic memory Growing tension between neurological and psychological explanations These debates laid the groundwork for a new understanding that trauma-related disorders are complex and multifactorial, which reinforced the importance of obtaining fundamental information on PTSD.World Wars I and II Bring New TerminologyDuring World War I, many soldiers began exhibiting severe psychological symptoms despite the absence of visible injuries. At the time, these symptoms were thought to be caused by physical trauma from nearby explosions, leading to the term “shell shock [4].” However, as it became clear that many affected individuals had not experienced direct blasts, the medical field had to reconsider its assumptions and acknowledge psychological trauma as a potential cause of dysfunction. By World War II, the term “battle fatigue” emerged, reflecting a shift in thinking toward stress-related origins. This period marked a turning point in the evolving conceptual framework of trauma, as military psychiatry began actively addressing these conditions through early screening and intervention programs.These developments played a key role in shaping how PTSD would later be understood, not simply as a response to external stressors, but as a complex disorder with psychological, social, and biological dimensions [5].Common symptoms seen in combat veterans included: Sudden panic in response to loud noises Withdrawal and emotional flatness Insomnia and disturbing dreams Startle responses and hypervigilance Loss of motivation or purpose This era marked a critical turning point, emphasizing the need for formal recognition and structured support for trauma-related disorders. Post-War Period and the Vietnam GenerationFollowing World War II, psychiatry began to consider trauma as part of a broader range of mental health conditions. However, it wasn’t until the Vietnam War that momentum grew for a distinct diagnostic category. Unlike earlier conflicts, the Vietnam War lost public support and became politically divisive. Many veterans felt alienated and unsupported, which worsened their psychological problems. Veterans’ mental health professionals began to push for the recognition of PTSD as a unique disorder resulting from trauma, especially as more veterans from the Vietnam War exhibited its symptoms [6].With a clear understanding of PTSD prevalence rates, pivotal moments from this era helped to shape modern treatment and prevention strategies. Impactful contributions included: In-depth clinical studies of returning soldiers Formation of veteran-led advocacy organizations Inclusion of trauma narratives in psychological literature Exploration of childhood and interpersonal trauma as contributors Calls to differentiate trauma-based symptoms from other anxiety disorders This wave of understanding and advocacy directly influenced the inclusion of PTSD in diagnostic manuals.Formal DSM Recognition and Evolving DefinitionsThe American Psychiatric Association officially recognized PTSD in 1980 with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), a pivotal moment that set the stage for the development of PTSD as a formal diagnosis. Since then, the definition of PTSD has evolved significantly, with the DSM-5 representing the most recent and comprehensive revision.This edition expanded the criteria to include a wider array of symptoms, including dissociation and negative mood changes. It broadened the understanding of trauma to encompass various types, such as childhood abuse, sexual assault, and natural disasters [7].Key changes in diagnostic criteria over time include: Reorganization of symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, arousal) Inclusion of indirect trauma exposure (e.g., first responders) Recognition of the delayed onset of symptoms Consideration of cultural context in diagnosis Expansion to include complex and chronic trauma As understanding of PTSD grew, so did the need for nuanced diagnoses and individualized treatment approaches.Contemporary Understanding and Public AwarenessToday, PTSD is widely recognized across clinical, social, and political spheres. Increased awareness has led to more funding for research, better diagnostic tools, and improved access to care. The modern understanding of PTSD recognizes that trauma can arise from many sources and affect diverse populations [7]. It also emphasizes long-term effects and the duration of PTSD. Public education campaigns, media coverage, and advocacy by survivors have all contributed to reducing stigma. Clinicians now use evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pharmacological interventions [6].Current priorities in PTSD care include: Identifying early interventions for high-risk individuals Personalizing treatment plans based on trauma type and history Understanding the neurobiology of trauma Integrating trauma-informed practices into healthcare systems Addressing disparities in access and outcomes A Long Road to Recognizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)The history of PTSD reveals the slow but significant public and medical shift from dismissal to understanding. What began as scattered observations across ancient texts evolved into a clearly defined mental health diagnosis with global recognition.Scientific advances, wartime experiences, and persistent advocacy have all contributed to the progress. While challenges remain in terms of treatment and fighting stigma, continued efforts are improving outcomes for those affected by trauma.References National Library of Medicine. (2021). Trauma-Informed care in behavioral health services. Nih.gov; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). National Library of Medicine. Accessed 10 May 2025. Clark, L. (2015, January 26). Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Smithsonian Magazine. Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Accessed 17 May 2025. Jones, E. (2006). Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1468), 533–542. Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Accessed 17 May 2025. Wainright, D. (2006). Shell Shock to PTSD: Military Psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf War, Maudsley Monographs 47. Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely, Hove: Psychology Press, £24.95, ISBN 1-84169-580-7. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(5), 1367–1368. Shell Shock to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accessed 10 May 2025. Yehuda, R., & McFarlane, A. C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. The American journal of psychiatry, 152(12), 1705–1713. Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its…. Accessed 10 May 2025. National Center for PTSD. (2023). History of PTSD in veterans. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. History of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Accessed 10 May 2025. Friedman M. J. (2013). Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(5), 548–556. Finalizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5. Accessed 10 May 2025. Medical ContentThe Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.About MentalHealth.comMentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.AuthorNikki SeayWriterNikki Seay is a professional writer with over a decade of experience in digital health and clinical healthcare. PublishedMay 23, 2025UpdatedDecember 20, 2025Medical ReviewerShivani Kharod, Ph.D.Ph.D.Shivani Kharod, Ph.D. is a medical reviewer with over 10 years of experience in delivering scientifically accurate health content.ReviewedMay 23, 2025Subject matter expertBrian Thompson Ph.D.Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorderView experienceRelated communitiesPost-Traumatic Stress DisorderA space for perspectives on PTSD, personal experiences, and connection after trauma.Explore communityTable of contentsChoose a sectionEarly Accounts of Trauma in Ancient and Classical History17th to 19th Centuries Bring New Types of TraumaWorld Wars I and II Bring New TerminologyPost-War Period and the Vietnam GenerationFormal DSM Recognition and Evolving DefinitionsContemporary Understanding and Public AwarenessA Long Road to Recognizing PTSDView moreSubject matter expertBrian Thompson Ph.D.Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorderView experienceRelated communitiesPost-Traumatic Stress DisorderA space for perspectives on PTSD, personal experiences, and connection after trauma.Explore community","wordCount":1696},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization","name":"MentalHealth.com","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#website","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","name":"MentalHealth.com","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Library","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/ptsd"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery"}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#primaryimage","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-17167.webp","contentUrl":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-17167.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"encodingFormat":"image/webp","caption":"A person sits quietly on a sofa beside a window."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/nikki-seay#person","name":"Nikki Seay","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/nikki-seay","jobTitle":"Writer","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/11517.jpg","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikkiseay/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod#person","name":"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod","jobTitle":"Ph.D.","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/11505.jpg","sameAs":["www.linkedin.com/in/shivanikharod"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#article","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery","headline":"The History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","description":"Learn the history of post-traumatic stress disorder, how the diagnosis developed, and what it means for trauma treatment today.","wordCount":1230,"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#webpage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"},"articleSection":"Library","citation":[{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"National Library of Medicine. 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(2021). Trauma-Informed care in behavioral health services. Nih.gov; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). National Library of Medicine. Accessed 10 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207192/","label":"National Library of Medicine"}],"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207192/"},{"number":2,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#ancient-assyrian-soldiers-were-haunted-war-too","text":"Clark, L. (2015, January 26). Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Smithsonian Magazine. Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too. Accessed 17 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-assyrian-soldiers-were-haunted-war-too-180954022/","label":"Ancient Assyrian soldiers were haunted by war, too"}],"url":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-assyrian-soldiers-were-haunted-war-too-180954022/"},{"number":3,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#historical-approaches-post-combat-disorders","text":"Jones, E. (2006). Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1468), 533–542. Historical approaches to post-combat disorders. Accessed 17 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1814","label":"Historical approaches to post-combat disorders"}],"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1814"},{"number":4,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#shell-shock-ptsd-military-psychiatry-1900-gulf-war-maudsley","text":"Wainright, D. (2006). Shell Shock to PTSD: Military Psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf War, Maudsley Monographs 47. Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely, Hove: Psychology Press, £24.95, ISBN 1-84169-580-7. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(5), 1367–1368. Shell Shock to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accessed 10 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl181","label":"Shell Shock to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)"}],"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl181"},{"number":5,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#conflict-between-current-knowledge-about-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-original","text":"Yehuda, R., & McFarlane, A. C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. The American journal of psychiatry, 152(12), 1705–1713. Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its…. Accessed 10 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.12.1705","label":"Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its…"}],"url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.12.1705"},{"number":6,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#history-ptsd-veterans","text":"National Center for PTSD. (2023). History of PTSD in veterans. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. History of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Accessed 10 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/","label":"History of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans"}],"url":"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/"},{"number":7,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/history-of-ptsd-discovery#finalizing-ptsd-dsm-5-getting-here-there-where-go","text":"Friedman M. J. (2013). Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(5), 548–556. Finalizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5. Accessed 10 May 2025.","links":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21840","label":"Finalizing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5"}],"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21840"}],"relatedReading":[],"links":[{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","label":"Home"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library","label":"Library"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/ptsd","label":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/nikki-seay","label":"Nikki Seay"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/shivani-kharod","label":"Shivani Kharod, Ph.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/ptsd","label":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/duration-of-ptsd","label":"trauma-related 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