{"formatVersion":"1.1","id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","path":"/library/adhd-stressors","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","title":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD","family":"Library detail","description":"Discover how environmental factors influence ADHD and identify key stressors that can intensify its symptoms.","language":"en-US","access":{"audience":"custom-shared-preview","indexable":true},"provenance":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/adhd-stressors","wordpressId":"4358","contentCompleteness":"complete","dateScope":"original-source"},"authors":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen#person","name":"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen"}],"reviewer":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel#person","name":"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel"},"dates":{"datePublished":"2025-01-06T10:00:00Z","dateModified":"2026-05-13T15:13:26Z","lastReviewed":"2025-01-06"},"content":{"html":"

Psychosocial Stressors Associated With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Written by \"\"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.Medically reviewed by \"\"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.

Published on · Updated on

Much of the research on Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk factors focuses on genetics, which have been found to be a strong contributing factor to ADHD. However, some research suggests there are environmental causes of ADHD [1], which can involve both biological and social factors.

\"A

Key takeaways

  • ADHD risk reflects genetic influences alongside environmental factors, including prenatal and birth-related exposures.
  • Financial strain, family conflict, maternal mental health difficulties, and other stressors may be associated with ADHD or worsen existing symptoms.
  • Predictable routines, supportive environments, sleep habits, and professional care can help manage ADHD-related difficulties.

What Is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Before discussing ADHD environmental factors, it’s helpful to have some background information on ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes symptoms of inattention and/or symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

ADHD symptoms often begin during childhood, but they can continue to impact a person during adolescence and then adulthood. Other ADHD cases may not begin until adulthood. Symptoms of ADHD, like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, can make it difficult to be successful at school or function in formal settings like the workplace [2].

ADHD symptoms are divided into symptoms related to inattention and those linked to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Some symptoms of inattention include [2]:

    \n
  • Making careless mistakes at school or work.
    • \n
  • Losing focus easily.
    • \n
  • Struggling with organization and meeting deadlines.
    • \n
  • Avoiding mentally taxing tasks, such as homework or writing reports.
    • \n
  • Failing to follow through on assignments or chores.
    • \n
  • Being easily distracted.
    • \n

On the other hand, ADHD symptoms related to hyperactivity and impulsivity include [2]:

    \n
  • Constant fidgeting and squirming.
    • \n
  • Leaving one’s seat when remaining seated is expected.
    • \n
  • Appearing as if one is driven by a motor due to constant motion.
    • \n
  • Talking excessively and interrupting others’ conversations.
    • \n
  • Running or climbing when it’s inappropriate to do so, which may present as restlessness in adults.
    • \n
  • Struggling to wait one’s turn in line.
    • \n

A mental health professional will diagnose ADHD by looking for the symptoms above. Researchers believe that these ADHD symptoms are largely a result of genetics. However, it can also be helpful to consider environmental causes of ADHD, as some factors can be modified to improve functioning [2].

Environmental Causes of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

There is plenty of evidence that genetic factors are linked to ADHD [3], but environmental influences also play a role. Below, some of the top ADHD environmental factors are discussed in more detail.

Prenatal Factors

It turns out that the environmental risk factors for ADHD begin before birth during the prenatal period. For example, researchers have found that ADHD risk is higher in children whose mothers had a poor diet during pregnancy. More specifically, a lack of key vitamins and minerals in the pregnant mother’s diet can interfere with brain development and increase ADHD risk [4].

Diet is not the only prenatal factor linked to ADHD; maternal weight gain and obesity can also elevate the risk of ADHD. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can lead to inflammation, which can negatively affect neurodevelopment in the fetus [4].

In addition, infection during pregnancy can harm brain development and increase the risk of ADHD in offspring. The Zika infection, in particular, is linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems. Bacterial infections can also elevate the risk of ADHD [4].

Elevated stress levels during pregnancy are also linked to ADHD in offspring. Children of mothers who experienced extreme stress during pregnancy show more severe ADHD symptoms. High levels of stress hormones can impact brain development and lead to abnormalities in brain circuit development [4].

Finally, prenatal alcohol exposure increases the risk of ADHD in children. Maternal alcohol consumption can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and ADHD is often diagnosed alongside this disorder [4].

Problems During Birth

In addition to pregnancy-related problems, risk factors that occur during and immediately after birth can lead to ADHD. Birth complications, like premature birth and umbilical cord incidents, can interfere with brain development and increase ADHD risk [4].

Being born at a low birth weight and experiencing a lack of oxygen after birth can also contribute to ADHD risk. Lack of oxygen can occur in cases of prolonged labor or when a baby aspirates meconium. The use of assistance devices, such as a vacuum during birth, can also elevate the risk of ADHD [4].

Other Environmental Factors

Environmental factors linked to ADHD are not limited to those that occur during the prenatal period or during birth. For example, the larger living environment can increase ADHD risk. Research has shown that being exposed to lead within the environment increases the risk of externalizing disorders, including ADHD [5].

Air pollution can also predispose a person to developing ADHD. Researchers have found that living close to agricultural areas, industrial estates, and major roadways increases the risk of ADHD. This increased risk occurs because living in such an area leads to higher exposure to pesticides, organochlorine compounds, and air pollutants from traffic [6].

Diet during childhood is another environmental factor that can increase the risk of ADHD. For instance, diets high in sugar may contribute to ADHD risk. Food allergies, iron deficiency, and deficiencies in minerals (like zinc and iodine) may also be linked to ADHD [4].

Psychosocial Stressors Affecting Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

While environmental factors like pollution can increase the risk of ADHD occurrence, sometimes psychological stressors exacerbate existing ADHD. ADHD stressors may precede the onset of ADHD or simply make symptoms worse for those who already have an ADHD diagnosis. Some of these psychosocial stressors are discussed below.

Low Socioeconomic Status

Living in poverty or having a low socioeconomic status can be an ADHD stressor. One study found that in children whose parents did not have ADHD, the risk of ADHD was 6.2 times higher for low-income compared to high-income children. Study authors concluded that in children without genetic risk factors for ADHD, environmental factors, like the stress of low income, become more important [7].

Maternal Mental Health

Poor mental health in mothers has been identified as an important ADHD risk factor. A review of 11 different studies found that depression in mothers was linked to ADHD in children. The relationship between maternal depression and ADHD occurred for both prenatal and postnatal depression [8].

General Stressors

Researchers have identified general ADHD stressors, such as chronic illness, disabilities in the child or family members, household and neighborhood problems, high pressure at school, unemployment, financial problems, and conflict with family members. These stressors can worsen ADHD symptoms; therefore, developing a supportive environment is essential for those with ADHD [9].

How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Symptoms

Several lifestyle factors, including sleep, can affect ADHD symptoms. Research has found that sleep issues, such as insufficient sleep, insomnia, and frequent nighttime awakenings, are linked to worsening ADHD symptoms [10]. On the other hand, sleep hygiene interventions can improve sleep habits and, thus, ADHD symptoms [11].

Additionally, diet and exercise habits can affect ADHD symptoms. A nutritious diet containing plenty of omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, and limited in sugar and artificial ingredients, can be beneficial. Making time for regular physical activity can also improve symptoms [12].

How to Manage Environmental Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Stressors

So, is ADHD environmental? There is a significant amount of evidence showing that environmental factors can contribute to ADHD or worsen symptoms. Based on this knowledge, individuals with ADHD can reduce the severity of symptoms by addressing environmental stressors and risk factors. Some important tips include:

    \n
  • Follow healthy lifestyle habits: Engaging in healthy habits, like following a regular sleep schedule, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet, are essential for ADHD symptom management. A nutritious diet that emphasizes whole foods can reduce symptom severity. It’s also important to develop a regular exercise routine to alleviate common symptoms, like hyperactivity and restlessness [12]. A consistent sleep schedule with a cool, dark sleep environment and a calming bedtime routine can reduce sleep complaints and improve ADHD symptoms [11].
    • \n
  • Practice healthy stress management: Life stressors like school pressures, family conflict, and financial problems can make ADHD symptoms more difficult to manage [9]. Therefore, healthy stress management is essential. Take time for rest, relaxation, and self-care, and make sure to talk to supportive people. For parents managing ADHD symptoms in children, it’s helpful to teach and model healthy stress management and offer a listening ear when children are feeling stressed. It can also be necessary to protect children from the stressors of daily life, such as by not discussing finances or family conflict in their presence.
    • \n
  • Develop a regular routine: A regular routine can make it easier to cope with ADHD stressors. Routines create predictability, allowing a person with ADHD to know what to expect [2]. This can be comforting and can reduce stress levels. For children, a consistent bedtime and evening schedule is essential. Adults also benefit from following routines, using planners, and having lists to keep themselves organized.
    • \n

Adults with ADHD can implement the tips above to improve symptoms and quality of life. On the other hand, parents of a child with ADHD can provide guidance and suggest the strategies above for ADHD symptom management. By taking steps to improve the environment and reduce stressors, families can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms. This, in turn, reduces the effects of ADHD on daily functioning.

While stress management can be beneficial for reducing the effects of ADHD environmental factors, sometimes professional support is needed. Talking with a therapist or taking medication may be necessary. Families may also benefit from attending counseling together to learn coping strategies and to develop strong plans for managing behaviors related to ADHD [2].

References

    \n \n
  1. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Available at: National Institute of Mental Health
    2. \n
  2. Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 168(6), 406-413. Available at: Wiley
    3. \n
  3. Al-Gailani, L., & Al-Kaleel, A. (2024). The relationship between prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors and ADHD: The role of nutrition, diet, and stress. Developmental Psychobiology, 66, e70004. Available at: Wiley
    4. \n
  4. Symeonides, C., Ponsonby, A.-L., Vuillermin, P., Anderson, V., & Sly, P. (2013). Environmental chemical contributions to ADHD and the externalising disorders of childhood – A review of epidemiological evidence. Journal of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology, 1, 92. Available at: ResearchGate
    5. \n
  5. Saez, M., Barcelo, M. A., Farrerons, M., & Lopez-Casasnovas, G. (2018). The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A population-based retrospective cohort study. Environmental Research, 166, 205-214. Available at: ScienceDirect
    6. \n
  6. Rowland, A. S., Skipper, B. J., Rabiner, D. L., Qeadan, F., Campbell, R. A., Naftel, A. J., & Umbach, D. M. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 213-222. Available at: Wiley
    7. \n
  7. Tucker, J. R. D., & Hobson, C. W. (2022). A systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the association between early life maternal depression and offspring ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(9), 1167-1186. Available at: SAGE Journals
    8. \n
  8. Hartman, C. A., Rommelse, N., van der Klugt, C. L., Wanders, R. B. K., & Timmerman, M. E. (2019). Stress exposure and the course of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Comorbid severe emotion dysregulation or mood and anxiety problems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(11), 1824. Available at: MDPI
    9. \n
  9. Soehner, A. M., Bertocci, M. A., Levenson, J. C., Goldstein, T. R., Rooks, B., Merranko, J., Hafeman, D., Diler, R., Axelson, D., Goldstein, B. I., Hickey, M. B., Monk, K., Phillips, M. L., & Birmaher, B. (2019). Longitudinal associations between sleep patterns and psychiatric symptom severity in high-risk and community comparison youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(6), 608-617. Available at: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
    10. \n
  10. Nikles, J., Mitchell, G. K., de Miranda Araújo, R., Harris, T., Heussler, H. S., Punja, S., … Senior, H. E. J. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(4), 497–518. Available at: Taylor & Francis
    11. \n
  11. Fotoglou, A., Morati, I., Diamantis, A., Stergios, V., Gavriilidou, Z., & Drigas, A. (2022). Nutritious diet, physical activity and mobiles: The game changers of ADHD. Technium BioChemMed, 3(2), 87-106. Available at: Technium BioChemMed
    12. \n

Medical Content

The Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.

About MentalHealth.com

MentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.

\"\"

Author

Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.

Ph.D., LSW, MSW

Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D. is a licensed social worker, behavioral health consultant and medical reviewer. She holds a Ph.D. in clinical psychology.

Published
Updated
\"\"

Medical Reviewer

Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.

Clinical Care Director

Carlos Protzel, Psy.D., LCSW, is a PSYPACT-certified psychologist with 25+ years of experience. He specializes in integrative care using evidence-based and humanistic therapies.

Reviewed

Subject matter expert

\"\"

Holly Schiff Psy.D.

Child, adolescent, and young adult psychology

View experience
\"\"

Related communities

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Share perspectives on attention, daily routines, and life with ADHD.

Explore community
","text":"HomeLibraryAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPsychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHDPsychosocial Stressors Associated With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Written by Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.Medically reviewed by Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.Published on January 6, 2025 · Updated on May 13, 2026Much of the research on Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk factors focuses on genetics, which have been found to be a strong contributing factor to ADHD. However, some research suggests there are environmental causes of ADHD [1], which can involve both biological and social factors.Key takeawaysADHD risk reflects genetic influences alongside environmental factors, including prenatal and birth-related exposures.Financial strain, family conflict, maternal mental health difficulties, and other stressors may be associated with ADHD or worsen existing symptoms.Predictable routines, supportive environments, sleep habits, and professional care can help manage ADHD-related difficulties.What Is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?Before discussing ADHD environmental factors, it’s helpful to have some background information on ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes symptoms of inattention and/or symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.ADHD symptoms often begin during childhood, but they can continue to impact a person during adolescence and then adulthood. Other ADHD cases may not begin until adulthood. Symptoms of ADHD, like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, can make it difficult to be successful at school or function in formal settings like the workplace [2].ADHD symptoms are divided into symptoms related to inattention and those linked to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Some symptoms of inattention include [2]: Making careless mistakes at school or work. Losing focus easily. Struggling with organization and meeting deadlines. Avoiding mentally taxing tasks, such as homework or writing reports. Failing to follow through on assignments or chores. Being easily distracted. On the other hand, ADHD symptoms related to hyperactivity and impulsivity include [2]: Constant fidgeting and squirming. Leaving one’s seat when remaining seated is expected. Appearing as if one is driven by a motor due to constant motion. Talking excessively and interrupting others’ conversations. Running or climbing when it’s inappropriate to do so, which may present as restlessness in adults. Struggling to wait one’s turn in line. A mental health professional will diagnose ADHD by looking for the symptoms above. Researchers believe that these ADHD symptoms are largely a result of genetics. However, it can also be helpful to consider environmental causes of ADHD, as some factors can be modified to improve functioning [2].Environmental Causes of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)There is plenty of evidence that genetic factors are linked to ADHD [3], but environmental influences also play a role. Below, some of the top ADHD environmental factors are discussed in more detail.Prenatal FactorsIt turns out that the environmental risk factors for ADHD begin before birth during the prenatal period. For example, researchers have found that ADHD risk is higher in children whose mothers had a poor diet during pregnancy. More specifically, a lack of key vitamins and minerals in the pregnant mother’s diet can interfere with brain development and increase ADHD risk [4].Diet is not the only prenatal factor linked to ADHD; maternal weight gain and obesity can also elevate the risk of ADHD. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can lead to inflammation, which can negatively affect neurodevelopment in the fetus [4].In addition, infection during pregnancy can harm brain development and increase the risk of ADHD in offspring. The Zika infection, in particular, is linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems. Bacterial infections can also elevate the risk of ADHD [4].Elevated stress levels during pregnancy are also linked to ADHD in offspring. Children of mothers who experienced extreme stress during pregnancy show more severe ADHD symptoms. High levels of stress hormones can impact brain development and lead to abnormalities in brain circuit development [4].Finally, prenatal alcohol exposure increases the risk of ADHD in children. Maternal alcohol consumption can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and ADHD is often diagnosed alongside this disorder [4].Problems During BirthIn addition to pregnancy-related problems, risk factors that occur during and immediately after birth can lead to ADHD. Birth complications, like premature birth and umbilical cord incidents, can interfere with brain development and increase ADHD risk [4].Being born at a low birth weight and experiencing a lack of oxygen after birth can also contribute to ADHD risk. Lack of oxygen can occur in cases of prolonged labor or when a baby aspirates meconium. The use of assistance devices, such as a vacuum during birth, can also elevate the risk of ADHD [4].Other Environmental FactorsEnvironmental factors linked to ADHD are not limited to those that occur during the prenatal period or during birth. For example, the larger living environment can increase ADHD risk. Research has shown that being exposed to lead within the environment increases the risk of externalizing disorders, including ADHD [5].Air pollution can also predispose a person to developing ADHD. Researchers have found that living close to agricultural areas, industrial estates, and major roadways increases the risk of ADHD. This increased risk occurs because living in such an area leads to higher exposure to pesticides, organochlorine compounds, and air pollutants from traffic [6].Diet during childhood is another environmental factor that can increase the risk of ADHD. For instance, diets high in sugar may contribute to ADHD risk. Food allergies, iron deficiency, and deficiencies in minerals (like zinc and iodine) may also be linked to ADHD [4].Psychosocial Stressors Affecting Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)While environmental factors like pollution can increase the risk of ADHD occurrence, sometimes psychological stressors exacerbate existing ADHD. ADHD stressors may precede the onset of ADHD or simply make symptoms worse for those who already have an ADHD diagnosis. Some of these psychosocial stressors are discussed below.Low Socioeconomic StatusLiving in poverty or having a low socioeconomic status can be an ADHD stressor. One study found that in children whose parents did not have ADHD, the risk of ADHD was 6.2 times higher for low-income compared to high-income children. Study authors concluded that in children without genetic risk factors for ADHD, environmental factors, like the stress of low income, become more important [7].Maternal Mental HealthPoor mental health in mothers has been identified as an important ADHD risk factor. A review of 11 different studies found that depression in mothers was linked to ADHD in children. The relationship between maternal depression and ADHD occurred for both prenatal and postnatal depression [8].General StressorsResearchers have identified general ADHD stressors, such as chronic illness, disabilities in the child or family members, household and neighborhood problems, high pressure at school, unemployment, financial problems, and conflict with family members. These stressors can worsen ADHD symptoms; therefore, developing a supportive environment is essential for those with ADHD [9].How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) SymptomsSeveral lifestyle factors, including sleep, can affect ADHD symptoms. Research has found that sleep issues, such as insufficient sleep, insomnia, and frequent nighttime awakenings, are linked to worsening ADHD symptoms [10]. On the other hand, sleep hygiene interventions can improve sleep habits and, thus, ADHD symptoms [11].Additionally, diet and exercise habits can affect ADHD symptoms. A nutritious diet containing plenty of omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, and limited in sugar and artificial ingredients, can be beneficial. Making time for regular physical activity can also improve symptoms [12].How to Manage Environmental Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) StressorsSo, is ADHD environmental? There is a significant amount of evidence showing that environmental factors can contribute to ADHD or worsen symptoms. Based on this knowledge, individuals with ADHD can reduce the severity of symptoms by addressing environmental stressors and risk factors. Some important tips include: Follow healthy lifestyle habits: Engaging in healthy habits, like following a regular sleep schedule, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet, are essential for ADHD symptom management. A nutritious diet that emphasizes whole foods can reduce symptom severity. It’s also important to develop a regular exercise routine to alleviate common symptoms, like hyperactivity and restlessness [12]. A consistent sleep schedule with a cool, dark sleep environment and a calming bedtime routine can reduce sleep complaints and improve ADHD symptoms [11]. Practice healthy stress management: Life stressors like school pressures, family conflict, and financial problems can make ADHD symptoms more difficult to manage [9]. Therefore, healthy stress management is essential. Take time for rest, relaxation, and self-care, and make sure to talk to supportive people. For parents managing ADHD symptoms in children, it’s helpful to teach and model healthy stress management and offer a listening ear when children are feeling stressed. It can also be necessary to protect children from the stressors of daily life, such as by not discussing finances or family conflict in their presence. Develop a regular routine: A regular routine can make it easier to cope with ADHD stressors. Routines create predictability, allowing a person with ADHD to know what to expect [2]. This can be comforting and can reduce stress levels. For children, a consistent bedtime and evening schedule is essential. Adults also benefit from following routines, using planners, and having lists to keep themselves organized. Adults with ADHD can implement the tips above to improve symptoms and quality of life. On the other hand, parents of a child with ADHD can provide guidance and suggest the strategies above for ADHD symptom management. By taking steps to improve the environment and reduce stressors, families can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms. This, in turn, reduces the effects of ADHD on daily functioning.While stress management can be beneficial for reducing the effects of ADHD environmental factors, sometimes professional support is needed. Talking with a therapist or taking medication may be necessary. Families may also benefit from attending counseling together to learn coping strategies and to develop strong plans for managing behaviors related to ADHD [2].References Nigg, J. (2020). Recent perspective on genetics and environment and implications for health-related complementary approaches for ADHD. The ADHD Report, 28(2). Available at: The Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Report National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Available at: National Institute of Mental Health Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 168(6), 406-413. Available at: Wiley Al-Gailani, L., & Al-Kaleel, A. (2024). The relationship between prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors and ADHD: The role of nutrition, diet, and stress. Developmental Psychobiology, 66, e70004. Available at: Wiley Symeonides, C., Ponsonby, A.-L., Vuillermin, P., Anderson, V., & Sly, P. (2013). Environmental chemical contributions to ADHD and the externalising disorders of childhood – A review of epidemiological evidence. Journal of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology, 1, 92. Available at: ResearchGate Saez, M., Barcelo, M. A., Farrerons, M., & Lopez-Casasnovas, G. (2018). The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A population-based retrospective cohort study. Environmental Research, 166, 205-214. Available at: ScienceDirect Rowland, A. S., Skipper, B. J., Rabiner, D. L., Qeadan, F., Campbell, R. A., Naftel, A. J., & Umbach, D. M. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 213-222. Available at: Wiley Tucker, J. R. D., & Hobson, C. W. (2022). A systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the association between early life maternal depression and offspring ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(9), 1167-1186. Available at: SAGE Journals Hartman, C. A., Rommelse, N., van der Klugt, C. L., Wanders, R. B. K., & Timmerman, M. E. (2019). Stress exposure and the course of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Comorbid severe emotion dysregulation or mood and anxiety problems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(11), 1824. Available at: MDPI Soehner, A. M., Bertocci, M. A., Levenson, J. C., Goldstein, T. R., Rooks, B., Merranko, J., Hafeman, D., Diler, R., Axelson, D., Goldstein, B. I., Hickey, M. B., Monk, K., Phillips, M. L., & Birmaher, B. (2019). Longitudinal associations between sleep patterns and psychiatric symptom severity in high-risk and community comparison youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(6), 608-617. Available at: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nikles, J., Mitchell, G. K., de Miranda Araújo, R., Harris, T., Heussler, H. S., Punja, S., … Senior, H. E. J. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(4), 497–518. Available at: Taylor & Francis Fotoglou, A., Morati, I., Diamantis, A., Stergios, V., Gavriilidou, Z., & Drigas, A. (2022). Nutritious diet, physical activity and mobiles: The game changers of ADHD. Technium BioChemMed, 3(2), 87-106. Available at: Technium BioChemMed Medical ContentThe Clinical Affairs Team at MentalHealth.com is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience. They actively contribute to the development of content, products, and services, and meticulously review all medical material before publication to ensure accuracy and alignment with current research and conversations in mental health. For more information, please visit the Editorial Policy.About MentalHealth.comMentalHealth.com helps people understand themselves, build healthier relationships, and access the right care. We bring together mental health education, diagnostics, and care management to support well-being throughout every phase of life.AuthorJenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.Ph.D., LSW, MSWJenni Jacobsen, Ph.D. is a licensed social worker, behavioral health consultant and medical reviewer. She holds a Ph.D. in clinical psychology.PublishedJanuary 6, 2025UpdatedMay 13, 2026Medical ReviewerCarlos Protzel, Psy.D.Clinical Care DirectorCarlos Protzel, Psy.D., LCSW, is a PSYPACT-certified psychologist with 25+ years of experience. He specializes in integrative care using evidence-based and humanistic therapies.ReviewedJanuary 6, 2025Subject matter expertHolly Schiff Psy.D.Child, adolescent, and young adult psychologyView experienceRelated communitiesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderShare perspectives on attention, daily routines, and life with ADHD.Explore communityTable of contentsChoose a sectionWhat Is ADHD?Environmental Causes of ADHDPsychosocial Stressors Affecting ADHDHow Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence ADHD SymptomsHow to Manage Environmental ADHD StressorsView moreSubject matter expertHolly Schiff Psy.D.Child, adolescent, and young adult psychologyView experienceRelated communitiesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderShare perspectives on attention, daily routines, and life with ADHD.Explore community","wordCount":2267},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization","name":"MentalHealth.com","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#website","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","name":"MentalHealth.com","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Library","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD","item":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors"}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#primaryimage","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11688.webp","contentUrl":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11688.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"encodingFormat":"image/webp","caption":"A child carefully builds a tower with colorful blocks."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen#person","name":"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen","jobTitle":"Ph.D., LSW, MSW","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/97.jpg"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel#person","name":"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel","jobTitle":"Clinical Care Director","image":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/13152.jpeg","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/carlos-protzel-lcsw-psyd-aa73aa12/"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#article","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","headline":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD","description":"Discover how environmental factors influence ADHD and identify key stressors that can intensify its symptoms.","wordCount":1587,"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#webpage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"},"articleSection":"Library","citation":[{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Nigg, J. (2020). Recent perspective on genetics and environment and implications for health-related complementary approaches for ADHD. The ADHD Report, 28(2). Available at: The Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Report","url":"https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/adhd.2020.28.2.1"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Available at: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 168(6), 406-413. Available at: Wiley","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.b.32335"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Al-Gailani, L., & Al-Kaleel, A. (2024). The relationship between prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors and ADHD: The role of nutrition, diet, and stress. Developmental Psychobiology, 66, e70004. Available at: Wiley","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.70004"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Symeonides, C., Ponsonby, A.-L., Vuillermin, P., Anderson, V., & Sly, P. (2013). Environmental chemical contributions to ADHD and the externalising disorders of childhood – A review of epidemiological evidence. Journal of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology, 1, 92. Available at: ResearchGate","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265511229_Environmental_Chemical_Contributions_to_ADHD_and_the_Externalising_Disorders_of_Childhood_-_A_Review_of_Epidemiological_Evidence"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Saez, M., Barcelo, M. A., Farrerons, M., & Lopez-Casasnovas, G. (2018). The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A population-based retrospective cohort study. Environmental Research, 166, 205-214. Available at: ScienceDirect","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935118302494"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Rowland, A. S., Skipper, B. J., Rabiner, D. L., Qeadan, F., Campbell, R. A., Naftel, A. J., & Umbach, D. M. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 213-222. Available at: Wiley","url":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12775"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Tucker, J. R. D., & Hobson, C. W. (2022). A systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the association between early life maternal depression and offspring ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(9), 1167-1186. Available at: SAGE Journals","url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10870547211063642"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Hartman, C. A., Rommelse, N., van der Klugt, C. L., Wanders, R. B. K., & Timmerman, M. E. (2019). Stress exposure and the course of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Comorbid severe emotion dysregulation or mood and anxiety problems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(11), 1824. Available at: MDPI","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1824"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Soehner, A. M., Bertocci, M. A., Levenson, J. C., Goldstein, T. R., Rooks, B., Merranko, J., Hafeman, D., Diler, R., Axelson, D., Goldstein, B. I., Hickey, M. B., Monk, K., Phillips, M. L., & Birmaher, B. (2019). Longitudinal associations between sleep patterns and psychiatric symptom severity in high-risk and community comparison youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(6), 608-617. Available at: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","url":"https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(19)30175-3/abstract"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Nikles, J., Mitchell, G. K., de Miranda Araújo, R., Harris, T., Heussler, H. S., Punja, S., … Senior, H. E. J. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(4), 497–518. Available at: Taylor & Francis","url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13548506.2020.1732431"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"Fotoglou, A., Morati, I., Diamantis, A., Stergios, V., Gavriilidou, Z., & Drigas, A. (2022). Nutritious diet, physical activity and mobiles: The game changers of ADHD. Technium BioChemMed, 3(2), 87-106. Available at: Technium BioChemMed","url":"https://techniumscience.com/index.php/biochemmed/article/view/6916"}],"inLanguage":"en-US","datePublished":"2025-01-06T10:00:00Z","dateModified":"2026-05-13T15:13:26Z","author":[{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen#person"}],"image":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#primaryimage"}},{"@type":"MedicalWebPage","@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#webpage","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","name":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD","description":"Discover how environmental factors influence ADHD and identify key stressors that can intensify its symptoms.","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#article"},"relatedLink":["https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/causes-of-adhd","https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-signs-symptoms","https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-comorbidity","https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-diagnosis-treatment","https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-and-brain-stimulation","https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/holly-schiff"],"publisher":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/#organization"},"medicalAudience":{"@type":"MedicalAudience","audienceType":"General public"},"datePublished":"2025-01-06T10:00:00Z","dateModified":"2026-05-13T15:13:26Z","lastReviewed":"2025-01-06","primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#primaryimage"},"reviewedBy":{"@id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel#person"}}]},"representations":{"html":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","json":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/data/library/adhd-stressors.json","jsonLd":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/data/library/adhd-stressors.ld.json"},"$schema":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/data/page.schema.json","images":[{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/97.jpg","alt":"","width":22,"height":22},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/13152.jpeg","alt":"","width":22,"height":22},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-11688.webp","alt":"A child carefully builds a tower with colorful blocks.","width":1200,"height":800},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/wordpress/11503.jpg","alt":"","width":64,"height":64},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/library/editorial-9906.webp","alt":"","width":48,"height":48}],"sections":[{"id":"key-takeaways","title":"Key takeaways","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#key-takeaways"},{"id":"what-is-adhd","title":"What Is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#what-is-adhd"},{"id":"environmental-causes-of-adhd","title":"Environmental Causes of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#environmental-causes-of-adhd"},{"id":"prenatal-factors","title":"Prenatal Factors","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#prenatal-factors"},{"id":"problems-during-birth","title":"Problems During Birth","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#problems-during-birth"},{"id":"other-environmental-factors","title":"Other Environmental Factors","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#other-environmental-factors"},{"id":"psychosocial-stressors-affecting-adhd","title":"Psychosocial Stressors Affecting Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#psychosocial-stressors-affecting-adhd"},{"id":"low-socioeconomic-status","title":"Low Socioeconomic Status","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#low-socioeconomic-status"},{"id":"maternal-mental-health","title":"Maternal Mental Health","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#maternal-mental-health"},{"id":"general-stressors","title":"General Stressors","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#general-stressors"},{"id":"how-sleep-and-lifestyle-can-influence-adhd-symptoms","title":"How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Symptoms","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#how-sleep-and-lifestyle-can-influence-adhd-symptoms"},{"id":"how-to-manage-environmental-adhd-stressors","title":"How to Manage Environmental Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Stressors","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#how-to-manage-environmental-adhd-stressors"},{"id":"references-2","title":"References","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#references-2"},{"id":"medical-content","title":"Medical Content","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#medical-content"},{"id":"about-mentalhealth-com","title":"About MentalHealth.com","level":2,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#about-mentalhealth-com"},{"id":"jenni-jacobsen-ph-d","title":"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D.","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#jenni-jacobsen-ph-d"},{"id":"carlos-protzel-psy-d","title":"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D.","level":3,"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#carlos-protzel-psy-d"}],"references":[{"number":1,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#recent-perspective-genetics-environment-implications-health-related-complementary-approa","text":"Nigg, J. (2020). Recent perspective on genetics and environment and implications for health-related complementary approaches for ADHD. The ADHD Report, 28(2). Available at: The Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Report","links":[{"url":"https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/adhd.2020.28.2.1","label":"The Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Report"}],"url":"https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/adhd.2020.28.2.1"},{"number":2,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","text":"National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Available at: National Institute of Mental Health","links":[{"url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd","label":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd"},{"number":3,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#heritability-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adults","text":"Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 168(6), 406-413. Available at: Wiley","links":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.b.32335","label":"Wiley"}],"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.b.32335"},{"number":4,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","text":"Al-Gailani, L., & Al-Kaleel, A. (2024). The relationship between prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors and ADHD: The role of nutrition, diet, and stress. Developmental Psychobiology, 66, e70004. Available at: Wiley","links":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.70004","label":"Wiley"}],"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.70004"},{"number":5,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#environmental-chemical-contributions-adhd-externalising-disorders-childhood-review-epide","text":"Symeonides, C., Ponsonby, A.-L., Vuillermin, P., Anderson, V., & Sly, P. (2013). Environmental chemical contributions to ADHD and the externalising disorders of childhood – A review of epidemiological evidence. Journal of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology, 1, 92. Available at: ResearchGate","links":[{"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265511229_Environmental_Chemical_Contributions_to_ADHD_and_the_Externalising_Disorders_of_Childhood_-_A_Review_of_Epidemiological_Evidence","label":"ResearchGate"}],"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265511229_Environmental_Chemical_Contributions_to_ADHD_and_the_Externalising_Disorders_of_Childhood_-_A_Review_of_Epidemiological_Evidence"},{"number":6,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#association-between-exposure-environmental-factors-occurrence-attention-deficit-hyperact","text":"Saez, M., Barcelo, M. A., Farrerons, M., & Lopez-Casasnovas, G. (2018). The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A population-based retrospective cohort study. Environmental Research, 166, 205-214. Available at: ScienceDirect","links":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935118302494","label":"ScienceDirect"}],"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935118302494"},{"number":7,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-interaction-between-socioeconomic-status","text":"Rowland, A. S., Skipper, B. J., Rabiner, D. L., Qeadan, F., Campbell, R. A., Naftel, A. J., & Umbach, D. M. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 213-222. Available at: Wiley","links":[{"url":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12775","label":"Wiley"}],"url":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12775"},{"number":8,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#systematic-review-longitudinal-studies-investigating-association-between-early-life","text":"Tucker, J. R. D., & Hobson, C. W. (2022). A systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the association between early life maternal depression and offspring ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(9), 1167-1186. Available at: SAGE Journals","links":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10870547211063642","label":"SAGE Journals"}],"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10870547211063642"},{"number":9,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#stress-exposure-course-adhd-childhood-young-adulthood-comorbid-severe","text":"Hartman, C. A., Rommelse, N., van der Klugt, C. L., Wanders, R. B. K., & Timmerman, M. E. (2019). Stress exposure and the course of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Comorbid severe emotion dysregulation or mood and anxiety problems. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(11), 1824. Available at: MDPI","links":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1824","label":"MDPI"}],"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1824"},{"number":10,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#longitudinal-associations-between-sleep-patterns-psychiatric-symptom-severity-high","text":"Soehner, A. M., Bertocci, M. A., Levenson, J. C., Goldstein, T. R., Rooks, B., Merranko, J., Hafeman, D., Diler, R., Axelson, D., Goldstein, B. I., Hickey, M. B., Monk, K., Phillips, M. L., & Birmaher, B. (2019). Longitudinal associations between sleep patterns and psychiatric symptom severity in high-risk and community comparison youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(6), 608-617. Available at: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","links":[{"url":"https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(19)30175-3/abstract","label":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"}],"url":"https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(19)30175-3/abstract"},{"number":11,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#systematic-review-effectiveness-sleep-hygiene-children-adhd","text":"Nikles, J., Mitchell, G. K., de Miranda Araújo, R., Harris, T., Heussler, H. S., Punja, S., … Senior, H. E. J. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(4), 497–518. Available at: Taylor & Francis","links":[{"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13548506.2020.1732431","label":"Taylor & Francis"}],"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13548506.2020.1732431"},{"number":12,"id":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#nutritious-diet-physical-activity-mobiles-game-changers-adhd","text":"Fotoglou, A., Morati, I., Diamantis, A., Stergios, V., Gavriilidou, Z., & Drigas, A. (2022). Nutritious diet, physical activity and mobiles: The game changers of ADHD. Technium BioChemMed, 3(2), 87-106. Available at: Technium BioChemMed","links":[{"url":"https://techniumscience.com/index.php/biochemmed/article/view/6916","label":"Technium BioChemMed"}],"url":"https://techniumscience.com/index.php/biochemmed/article/view/6916"}],"relatedReading":[],"links":[{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/","label":"Home"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library","label":"Library"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd","label":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen","label":"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel","label":"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#recent-perspective-genetics-environment-implications-health-related-complementary-approa","label":"[1]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-diagnosis-treatment","label":"ADHD symptoms often begin during childhood"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#heritability-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adults","label":"[3]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/causes-of-adhd","label":"environmental influences also play a role"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#environmental-chemical-contributions-adhd-externalising-disorders-childhood-review-epide","label":"[5]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#association-between-exposure-environmental-factors-occurrence-attention-deficit-hyperact","label":"[6]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#relationship-between-prenatal-perinatal-postnatal-factors-adhd-role-nutrition","label":"[4]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-interaction-between-socioeconomic-status","label":"[7]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#systematic-review-longitudinal-studies-investigating-association-between-early-life","label":"[8]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#stress-exposure-course-adhd-childhood-young-adulthood-comorbid-severe","label":"[9]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#longitudinal-associations-between-sleep-patterns-psychiatric-symptom-severity-high","label":"[10]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#systematic-review-effectiveness-sleep-hygiene-children-adhd","label":"[11]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#nutritious-diet-physical-activity-mobiles-game-changers-adhd","label":"[12]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#nutritious-diet-physical-activity-mobiles-game-changers-adhd","label":"[12]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#systematic-review-effectiveness-sleep-hygiene-children-adhd","label":"[11]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#stress-exposure-course-adhd-childhood-young-adulthood-comorbid-severe","label":"[9]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-and-stimulant-medications","label":"taking medication may be necessary"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"[2]"},{"url":"https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/adhd.2020.28.2.1","label":"The Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Report"},{"url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd","label":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.b.32335","label":"Wiley"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.70004","label":"Wiley"},{"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265511229_Environmental_Chemical_Contributions_to_ADHD_and_the_Externalising_Disorders_of_Childhood_-_A_Review_of_Epidemiological_Evidence","label":"ResearchGate"},{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935118302494","label":"ScienceDirect"},{"url":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12775","label":"Wiley"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10870547211063642","label":"SAGE Journals"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/11/1824","label":"MDPI"},{"url":"https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(19)30175-3/abstract","label":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13548506.2020.1732431","label":"Taylor & Francis"},{"url":"https://techniumscience.com/index.php/biochemmed/article/view/6916","label":"Technium BioChemMed"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/clinical-affairs","label":"The Clinical Affairs Team"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/publishing/editorial-policy","label":"Editorial Policy"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/jenni-jacobsen","label":"Jenni Jacobsen, Ph.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/carlos-protzel","label":"Carlos Protzel, Psy.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/holly-schiff","label":"Holly Schiff Psy.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/holly-schiff","label":"View experience"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"Explore community"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#what-is-adhd","label":"What Is ADHD?"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#environmental-causes-of-adhd","label":"Environmental Causes of ADHD"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#psychosocial-stressors-affecting-adhd","label":"Psychosocial Stressors Affecting ADHD"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#how-sleep-and-lifestyle-can-influence-adhd-symptoms","label":"How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence ADHD Symptoms"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors#how-to-manage-environmental-adhd-stressors","label":"How to Manage Environmental ADHD Stressors"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/holly-schiff","label":"Holly Schiff Psy.D."},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/people/holly-schiff","label":"View experience"},{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/community/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","label":"Explore community"}],"seo":{"title":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD | MentalHealth.com","description":"Discover how environmental factors influence ADHD and identify key stressors that can intensify its symptoms.","canonical":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors","robots":"index,follow","socialImage":{"url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/assets/social-tiles-20261006-dots/library.png","width":1200,"height":630,"alt":"MentalHealth.com — Library","type":"image/png","sitemapGroup":"library"}},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/"},{"name":"Library","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library"},{"name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd"},{"name":"Psychosocial Stressors Associated With ADHD","url":"https://mentalhealth-v2.workspace-454808.chatgpt.site/library/adhd-stressors"}],"subjectMatterExpert":{"name":"Holly Schiff, Psy.D.","url":"/people/holly-schiff","profileId":"11457","topic":"attention","focus":"Child, adolescent, and young adult psychology","selectionBasis":"Documented expertise in the existing published profile","reviewAttribution":false},"keyTakeaways":["ADHD risk reflects genetic influences alongside environmental factors, including prenatal and birth-related exposures.","Financial strain, family conflict, maternal mental health difficulties, and other stressors may be associated with ADHD or worsen existing symptoms.","Predictable routines, supportive environments, sleep habits, and professional care can help manage ADHD-related difficulties."],"introduction":{"html":"Much of the research on ADHD risk factors focuses on genetics, which have been found to be a strong contributing factor to ADHD. However, some research suggests there are environmental causes of ADHD [1], which can involve both biological and social factors.","text":"Much of the research on ADHD risk factors focuses on genetics, which have been found to be a strong contributing factor to ADHD. However, some research suggests there are environmental causes of ADHD [1], which can involve both biological and social factors.","sourceField":"hero"},"navigation":[{"label":"What Is ADHD?","href":"#what-is-adhd","heading":"What Is ADHD?"},{"label":"Environmental Causes of ADHD","href":"#environmental-causes-of-adhd","heading":"Environmental Causes of ADHD"},{"label":"Psychosocial Stressors Affecting ADHD","href":"#psychosocial-stressors-affecting-adhd","heading":"Psychosocial Stressors Affecting ADHD"},{"label":"How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence ADHD Symptoms","href":"#how-sleep-and-lifestyle-can-influence-adhd-symptoms","heading":"How Sleep and Lifestyle Can Influence ADHD Symptoms"},{"label":"How to Manage Environmental ADHD Stressors","href":"#how-to-manage-environmental-adhd-stressors","heading":"How to Manage Environmental ADHD Stressors"}],"relatedCommunity":{"community":"/community/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","basis":"topic match"},"referencePresentation":"Numbered author–date bibliography with linked source documents; n.d. denotes unavailable publication date.","collections":[]}